For example, (622) If the person whom the prince has appointed as his lieutenant, does not know how to maintain his proper station, (623) and instead of this, exposes his dignity to contempt on the part of persons in the lowest station, does he not bring dishonor upon his prince? that is the permanent principle; the covered head is the transient expression of the principle. In fact, veiled in verses6,7 is a compound word. [However, Jewish priests did too. The one thing on which all the authorities unite is this: Veils were "an essential article of female attire."" A related form of this word (kalupto) is used in Matthew 8:24 to describe a ship covered with waves. (Lenski p. 438) Or, Christ, his spiritual head? Peter said love covers (same word-kalupto) a "multitude of sins" ( 1 Peter 4:8). Option one is that God requires women to wear head coverings, but the specifics of when they must be worn, which women must wear them, and what to do if they are not worn are left up to individual or congregational judgment. As we have shown, different customs for men on this subject prevailed among the different nationalities and religions which were now promiscuously crowded into Corinth. To prophesy, in Scripture, is accordingly, to speak under divine inspiration; not merely to predict future events, but to deliver, as the organ of the Holy Ghost, the messages of God to men, whether in the form of doctrine, exhortation, consolation, or prediction. 5-6], "Paul has in mind a veil which covers the whole head and in particular conceals all the hair; something worn on top of the head like a present-day cap or hat does not really come with the scope of his argument." 2. Tertullian wrote, "We Christians pray with outspread hands, as harmless; with uncovered heads, as unashamed, without a prompter, as from the heart.". (Willis p. 364), The question is: Does the phrase "his head" refer to the man himself--"By covering his head he makes a woman of himself." The Greek custom was for men in worship to be uncovered; the Jews wore the Tallith, or veil, to show reverence and their sense of unworthiness in God's presence (Isaiah 6:2), excepting where (as in Corinth) the Greek custom prevailed. The true character of gospel ministers. Every man who has something on his head while praying or prophesying disgraces his head. "praying or prophesying"-"the two verbs "pray and prophesy" make it certain that the problem has to do with the assembly at worship. Exodus 15:20-21; 1 Chronicles 25:1). To get what 2 Corinthians 11:4 means based on its source text, scroll down or follow these links for the original scriptural meaning , biblical context and relative popularity. this society viewed it as a sign of femininity and subjection. It is now rather the uncovering of reverence for the Divine presence, or respect for the congregation or service, which a Jew expressed by putting off his sandals. For instance, in verses6,7 of this chapter Paul used a word (katakalupto) that is translated "veiled." 1 Corinthians 11:4-5: the high doctrine just asserted applied to the matter of feminine attire. In verse22it describes disgracing fellow Christians ("shaming the poor at the Lord's Supper," Exegetical Dictionary of the New Testament, ). This would eventually become a source of disunity. Robert L. Thomas, "Prophecy Rediscovered? This custom is not prevalent in Western culture and thus has no bearing on males and headgear. Hence the glory of God shines forth in him, in consequence of the authority with which he is invested. [Note: E.g, Harold R. Holmyard III, "Does1Corinthians11:2-16 Refer to Women Praying and Prophesying in Church?" Puts to shame etc. One may pray privately; but not so with prophecy. When this material was written, the author resided in an area heavily populated by members of the Amish and Mennonite religions and it was not uncommon to see women wearing bonnets/snoods/doilies (these items were also called "prayer veils"). 11:2, 16) to cover their heads, and for men to keep their heads uncovered. The regulation is not limited to those of either sex who “pray or prophesy”; but such activity called attention to the apparel, and doubtless it was amongst the … The literal meaning is something like "having down of head". 11:4. This public function, the apostle says, should not be exercised by a man with his head covered; literally, having something on his head downward. 1 Cor 11:14–15 contain a final appeal to the sense of propriety that contemporary Greek society would consider “natural” (cf. Such being the order divinely established, (viz., that mentioned in 1 Corinthians 11:3,) both men and women should act in accordance with it; the man, by having the head uncovered, the woman by being veiled. A woman may pray and prophesy in public if her dress shows submission to her husband's authority ( 1 Corinthians 11:5-6)" (Baker Theological Dictionary of the Bible, p327). 1 Corinthians 11:4. For more information on reasons to believe head coverings were cultural, see the commentary at the end of the discussion on verse1. I believe that is what Paul is saying here. The fact that Paul treats the case of woman so much more fully is because it was a question of, and of the proprieties and refinements of life, woman, being the special guardian, needed to be very fully set right. Prophesying I take here to mean — declaring the mysteries of God for the edification of the hearers, (as afterwards in 1 Corinthians 14:3,) as praying means preparing a form of prayer, and taking the lead, as it were, of all the people — which is the part of the public teacher, (624) for Paul is not arguing here as to every kind of prayer, but as to solemn prayer in public. Paul is saying, he tried to live a life before them that they could follow. Others only wear it to worship. Amongst the Greeks it was the custom always to sacrifice to their idols with heads uncovered; amongst the Romans, the opposite was the fashion, and among the Jews, as well formerly as at present, they always appear in their synagogues with heads covered. TRANSLATION, MEANING, CONTEXT. (4) Every man praying or prophesying.—The reference here is to public prayer and teaching (the word “prophesying” is used in its less restricted sense). 1,2 Corinthians is written to the church of God at Corinth, a Jewish Little Flock church. By this contrast, as usual, Paul paves a way to his main argument. Second, they foretold future events pertaining especially to the kingdom of God ( Matthew 11:13; Acts 2:17-18; Acts 21:9). 11 z Be imitators of me, as I am of Christ. There were those which were suspended so as to cover the face. Christ, , not being visibly present, there was no mere humanity before which it became him to cover. Eating the Passover meal had already been a standard tradition in Israelite culture for hundreds of years. 4. In Judaism when a man prayed with his physical head covered, as was common, he did not thereby dishonor himself. Must he remove his safety helmet before he prays? While there are conscientious believers who think a male cannot ever wear a hat when he prays, this author contends, based on the preceding information, that Paul was dealing with a first century custom (head coverings symbolized subjection). (McGuiggan p. 143). In Roman, but not in Greek, worship both men and women covered their heads. p. 872); "Lit., having something hanging down from his head." Let us, however, bear in mind, that in this matter the error is merely in so far as decorum is violated, and the distinction of rank which God has established, is broken in upon. This is a point the ancient manuscripts do not decide, as they are not furnished with the diacritical marks. Answer: With 1 Corinthians 11:3-16 it is important to look at the context. Both interpretations come to the same thing, since it is through the dishonor which the man puts on his own head that he dishonors Christ, by seeming thus to subject himself to an earthly head. The Spartans (and we won"t accuse them of being effeminate) wore their hair longer than shoulder length." 1 Corinthians 11:7 Or 4 Every man who prays or prophesies with long hair dishonors his head. The imperative here is that of permission, but a permission, which has in it mimesis, or a deduction to something unsuitable. To the universal modern Christian practice of bared heads in church, Stanley says that “Holland is the only exception. the head. The second use of the word “head” in this sentence may mean dishonoring the leadership or headship of Jesus Christ (previous verse). However, in view of what he just said ( 1 Corinthians 11:3) and would say, he probably meant his spiritual head, Jesus Christ. But every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head—it is the same as having her head shaved. as what follows shows, herself, and not her husband. The modern hat, shawl, scarf, bonnet, doily or mantilla will not do...One cannot substitute a hat, net, ribbon, scarf, etc.., for the veil, the covering of 1 Corinthians 11:2-16.." [Note: _ The Woman And Her Covering. On the contrary, his whole force of reasoning goes to show that a proper subordination truly belongs to the female sex; and it. 7 A man ought not to have … (14-21) Commentary on 1 Corinthians 4:1-6 (Read 1 Corinthians 4:1-6) Apostles were no more than servants of Christ, but they were not to be undervalued. 1 Corinthians 11:4, NLT: "A man dishonors his head if he covers his head while praying or prophesying." (McGuiggan p. 147). "Thou shalt speak unto him, and put words into his mouth, … and he shall be thy spokesman," Exodus 4:15, Exodus 4:16; or, as he is called, Exodus 7:1, thy prophet. 1 Corinthians 11:4 Context. fasted calling upon God.” To the Christian man belonged a triumphant, unblushing worship. To report dead links, typos, or html errors or suggestions about making these resources more useful use the convenient, Baker Evangelical Dictionary of Biblical Theology, Hastings' Dictionary of the New Testament, The Hawker's Poor Man's Concordance And Dictionary, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. Jewish and Roman converts would be predisposed to pray with heads covered, while the Greeks would uncover. And Paul tells the women, respect the significance given by your society to this article of clothing and don"t needlessly offend (). Because Christ is not seen, the man is, and visibly represents God (cf. We hold that the former are clearly correct. 7 A man ought not to have … 1Cor 11:1-16 instructs these Jewish men who prophesy to shave their head, like Paul did, and the … There is no need to conclude that some of the males were appearing "long haired". 4.Every man praying Here there are two propositions. 1-corinthians 11:2 Now I praise you, brethren, that ye remember me in all things, and keep the ordinances, as I delivered them to you. Prophesying. On the contrary, his whole force of reasoning goes to show that a proper subordination truly belongs to the female sex; and it is solely a questioning of this truth which his argument presupposes. A. Beet, A Commentary on St. Paul"s Epistles to the Corinthians, p181; Lenski, p437; Grosheide, pp341-42; and J. MacArthur Jeremiah,, 1 Corinthians, p256.] 1 Corinthians 11:4, CSB : "Every man who prays or prophesies with … The latter, however, is doubtless Paul’s real meaning; the former can be brought in only by inference. 1 Corinthians 11:4 Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoreth his head. The preceding questions compel us to accept one of two choices. Fourth, they could, under divine impulse, utter some lofty statement or message that would glorify God ( Luke 1:67; Acts 9:6; cf. The context of the passage shows that Paul (and the Holy Spirit) is talking about submission. See Exodus 28:40. 2 Now I commend you a because you remember me in everything and b maintain the traditions c even as I delivered them to you. The Bible was constructed in such a way so we are "complete" ( 2 Timothy 3:16-17) and we have "all things that pertain to life and godliness" ( 2 Peter 1:3). The prophets of God, therefore, were his spokesmen, into whose mouth the Lord put the words which they were to utter to the people. Pagan priests covered their heads. The logical understanding of this would refer it to “long hair,” being long enough to hang down from the head, as clearly indicated by the apostles’ words a moment later: “If a man have long hair, it is a dishonor to him” (1 Corinthians 11:14). We hold that the former are clearly correct. Obviously, specific cultural standards have changed; the principle remains the same. But just like society had attached significance to anointing the head with oil and washing the feet (signs in that society of being hospitable); a kiss of greeting (a sign of friendship); to this culture the veil signified being feminine and in subjection. The Apostle’s teaching on this subject is a remarkable illustration of how completely he had overcome his old Jewish prejudice, and how the whole of his nature had become leavened with the freedom of the gospel—for it was the custom amongst the Jews for the man to pray with covered head, and the face veiled with the Tallith, as an expression of his unworthiness to speak face to face with God. Christ in Whom he has access to God with unveiled face (2 Corinthians 3:18). Grudem sought a middle position between the charismatic and non-charismatic interpretations of the gift of prophecy. Dishonoureth his head.—He dishonours his own head inasmuch as it is the part of his body from which Christ has taken His title as “Head of the Body,” the Church—and thus he dishonours his Spiritual Head. 2 CORINTHIANS 11:4. A commanding military officer, who appears at the head of his troops in the dress of a common soldier, instead of his official dress, might more properly be said to dishonor himself than his sovereign. If the Corinthians wore these coverings because of their culture (the view maintained in this commentary), they knew when to start wearing the veils because this knowledge was part of their society. It was a profound insight into human nature which enabled the Apostle to realise how an external symbol would infallibly tend to modify doctrine, and how thus the perpetuating of such a custom in the Christian Church might have hindered the full recognition of the great truth of the personal and direct communication of every individual soul with the Father. Grudem sought a middle position between the charismatic and non-charismatic interpretations of the gift of prophecy. 505-506), "praying"-inspired (), or uninspired prayer. , here, possess a double reference, namely, to Christ and to the man’s own, . Head Coverings. The ancient commentators held that St. Paul wrote to check the men as well as the women; but later writers, as Ruckart, Alford, and Stanley, say that he refers to the men merely, in illustration of the case of the women. Bruce p. 104), 1. "Veils came in all shapes and sizes. The removal of a hat at other customary times such as saying the Pledge of Allegiance is also taught by this passage. A woman would need to be veiled in such a way where people cannot see her head (the top of her body would be like a bride whose head is fully covered with a veil). Medium popularity: 140 searches a month. It wasn"t inherently immoral for men to pray with something on their heads. This is a possibility, but this option seems unlikely. It does not appear that any real disorders occurred. A man who prayed with his head covered symbolically dishonored "the source of his existence by obscuring that which was created in the image of God and designed to reflect that image to God's glory (v7; Genesis 1:26)" (Baker Commentary on the Bible, p976). To get what 1 Corinthians 11:4 means based on its source text, scroll down or follow these links for the original scriptural meaning , biblical context and relative popularity. He offers himself as an example of one who tried to please everybody for the sake of their salvation ( 1 Corinthians 10:31-33; 1 Corinthians 11:1). As we have shown, different customs for men on this subject prevailed among the different nationalities and religions which were now promiscuously crowded into Corinth. Furthermore, as noted in the CBL (), "For women to cover their head could not possibly have meant ‘to put up their hair,' since its opposite would not have made good sense either, namely, that the men were not to put up their hair.". And this dishonor is visible and conspicuous in his treatment of his own head. Should the coverings be worn all the time, even to bed? Some were on the head and flowed backward down over the shoulders. This related term (kalupto) is also used to describe the covering of sins in James 5:20. A similar thing was true for a woman (verse5). ], having his head covered, dishonoureth his head, At Corinth, a man who prayed or spoke God’s message with his head covered (with a face-veil) would disgrace Christ. Dishonoureth his head - not "Christ" (1 Corinthians 11:3); but as "head" means before in this verse, He dlshonours his head (the principal member), he divests himself of his divinely-appointed dignity by wearing a covering-a mark of subjection, making him look downward instead of upwards to his spiritual Head, Christ. 1. начать перемену роли на противоположную. It depends on the connection. (Calmet). Prophesying; see note to chap 1 Corinthians 12:28. LSJ, one of the most exhaustive lexicons of Ancient Greek, including New Testament Greek, does not include any definition of kephalē that approximates leader, ruler, or authority. The cultural expectations for males and females did not violate any New Testament teaching, so Paul said the cultural expectations were to be followed. Probably not, but I think Paul is just setting up his case, proposing a veiled man, to make a point for the ladies..In verse 14 he scathes the idea of a "long-haired" male. # 1 Cor 4.16; Phil 3.17 Imitate me, then, just as I imitate Christ.Covering the Head in Worship I praise you because you always remember me and follow the teachings that I have handed on to you. men and women have different roles, and women are to recognize their proper role of being in subjection to men. The covering, as we shall see ere long, is an emblem of authority intermediate and interposed. What did he mean the second time he referred to the man"s head? The ancient commentators held that St. Paul wrote to check the men as well as the women; but later writers, as Ruckart, Alford, and Stanley, say that he refers to the men merely, in illustration of the case of the women. Jewish and Roman converts would be predisposed to pray with heads covered, while the Greeks would uncover. his head covered. a. 5 But every woman who prays or prophesies with no covering of hair dishonors her head—she is just like one of the “shorn women.” 6 If a woman has no covering, let her be for now with short hair; but since it is a disgrace for a woman to have her hair shorn or shaved, she should grow it again. 1 Cor 8:12). While some modern religious groups have said some type of covering is necessary, there is usually confusion on some specific points. 4.Every man praying’ covered—Either from the Corinthian letter or the messengers that brought it, Paul learned that the Christian rule of worship was unsettled. . He just wishes the woman to see how bizarre her conduct is if she rejects her femaleness. Soa man. This last type of prophecy did not contain a new revelation or a prediction involving the future. One may pray privately; but not so with prophecy. Greek. Bill Cavender pp. Requiring head coverings but not giving any specific information, or requiring head coverings and saying "we are allowed to work out the details," leads to confusion and the Bible says this is not the way God works ( 1 Corinthians 14:33). As I look at these verses the following considerations force me to conclude that Paul is dealing with a custom in Corinthian society. Both men and women ought to dress in such a way that they do not violate the customs and standards of decency in whatever country they live in. In the church meeting in 1 Corinthians 11 it means that when women and men come together to pray and prophesy they’ll do different things with their heads. See note 1 Corinthians 11:7. "Veil". Some believe Paul was referring to long hair (verse14). (3) 11:14: Long hair on men wasn"t inherently evil. See note, . They prophesied with harps, psalteries, and cymbals, giving thanks, and praising the Lord, "head" twice. A Review of The Gift of Prophecy in the New Testament and Today," Bibliotheca Sacra149:593 (January-March1992):83-96, gave a helpful critique of Grudem"s views.] Since man qua man has no head but Christ, before whom they worship in common, while woman has man to own for her head, he must not and she must be veiled. The latter, however, is doubtless Paul’s real meaning; the former can be brought in only by inference. Prophesying might involve any of four things. This was the primary form of speech, directed towards the community (congregation) for its edification and encouragement (cf. By the phrase “he that cometh” is meant doubtless the false teacher in Corinth. hair length, clothing, makeup, jewelry, etc..) lies a biblical truth-i.e. Luke 7:39; John 4:19). (F.F. For we must not be so scrupulous as to look upon it as a criminal thing for a teacher to have a cap on his head, when addressing the people from the pulpit. "Paul..did not bring the veil to Corinth. kataischuno. i.e. What did he mean the second time he referred to the man"s head? From all this it is clear that St. Paul decides for the covered head, not from any divine command, or any immutable propriety, but because, in the existing state of customs, the covered head was the symbol of modesty. Ex. Why so? ]Both men and women ought to dress in such a way that they do not violate the customs and standards of decency in whatever country they live in. If he covers his head, he lets himself down from that preeminence which God had assigned to him, so as to be in subjection. (Fee p. 507), b. Head coverings were a prevailing custom for women, so Paul discussed this subject but did not go into specific details because this information was a common part of this culture. Clearly in the first instance he meant the man"s physical skull. It is doubtful whether we should read his or his own head, ( בץ ̓ פןץ ͂ or בץ ̔ פןץ ͂). Some of the arguments that Paul will give in this chapter, aren"t based on Scripture. The notion of Ruckart and others, that the motive of these uncovering women was to, has not one syllable in the apostle’s rebuke or argument to sustain it. Rather belonging to the end of the tenth chapter, than to this chapter. If he that comes among you and claims your affections can point out another Christ who is more worthy of your confidence, then I admit that you do well to receive him. [Note: Keener, p91.] If a man wore a covering when praying or prophesying (4a), his "head" (Jesus) would be "dishonored." (7-13) He claims their regard as their spiritual father in Christ, and shows his concern for them. Probably both are true. When we disgrace ourselves, we do bring reproach upon the cause of Christ. It was customary in Paul’s day for women in “the churches of God” (1 Cor. Many Christians have assumed that the word kephalē has the meaning of leader or person in authority, but kephalē was rarely used with these meanings in Classical and Koinē Greek. Here Thayer (p331) defined it as "to dishonor, disgrace." ", [Note: A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, s.v. He says that the head of every man is Christ, the head of Christ is God and the head of every (married) woman is a man. 5, p. 3047), "dishonoreth his head"-"to disgrace, to bring to shame." The Apostle Paul spent 18 months there on his Second Missionary Journey and established a church there. He could have meant his physical skull again. For additional information on what these veils or head coverings were, see the commentary on verse6. The Jewish High Priest wore a turban (Exodus 28:4; Exodus 39:28, Leviticus 16:23), while ministering before the Lord. Imitate me, just as I also imitate Christ.a. [However, Jewish priests did too. Since this chapter describes a "covering," a doily on the head or some type of hat is not consistent with the veils described in this chapter. Vol. They were holy women endowed with spiritual gifts, who would need these directions from the higher authority of their founder apostle. (1-6) Cautions against despising the apostle. Preacheth another Jesus - Proclaims one who is more worthy of your love and more able to save. CENSURE ON DISORDERS IN THEIR ASSEMBLIES: THEIR WOMEN NOT BEING VEILED, AND ABUSES AT THE LOVE-FEASTS. Thus the honor of Christ is infringed upon. Dishonoreth his head; according to some, his own head; according to others, Christ. (ISBE. 1-corinthians 11:1 Be ye followers of me, even as I also am of Christ. For to woman pertains the whole argument of § 20: and, for this argument, since it turns on the relation of the sexes, it was needful to explain the contrasted position of the man. The pagan covered themselves in sacrificing, not to be distracted by outward objects. (1) : "The Scriptures nowhere to my knowledge forbid the shaving of one"s head except on the basis of its violation of the customs of a given society." Prophesying - preaching in the Spirit (1 Corinthians 12:10). Robert L. Thomas, "Prophecy Rediscovered? "praying or prophesying"-"the two verbs "pray and prophesy" make it certain that the problem has to do with the assembly at worship. dishonoureth. The fact that Paul treats the case of woman so much more fully is because it was a question of propriety; and of the proprieties and refinements of life, woman, being the special guardian, needed to be very fully set right. Some completely hid the woman"s head and shoulders. Today, when the subject of head coverings is addressed, most of the emphasis is on women. What about a construction worker who must wear a hard hat for his job? It is not to be inferred from what is here said, that the Christian prophets (or inspired men) had introduced this custom into the church. The Greek practice was for men to have their heads uncovered when joining in religious ceremonies (Grotius in loc.). c. As was said previously: Paul didn"t introduce the veil into Corinthian society, and neither had he given it it"s present significance. The latter, perhaps, is to be preferred, 1. I have another head besides the Lord." Several New Testament scholars argue that kephalē means sou… 3. b: having his head covered, dishonoreth his head. Dishonoureth his head—Stanley makes head, here, possess a double reference, namely, to Christ and to the man’s own head. Having said all that, here are the factors that lead me to conclude that this was a "custom" in Corinthian society. The notion of Ruckart and others, that the motive of these uncovering women was to display their beauty, has not one syllable in the apostle’s rebuke or argument to sustain it. officiating in public worship. See. These people are prophesying because the completed Word of God did not exist yet. (Vincent p. 246); "Lit., having a veil..down from the head." (Romans 2:24; 1 Timothy 5:14), "Were any men doing this? To institute the Lord’s Supper, Christ took an ancient practice (the Passover celebration) and gave it a powerful new meaning. Dishonoreth (kataischuno) is a present tense verb that is also found in verses5,22of this chapter. In 1 Corinthians 14, it means that women weren’t to evaluate prophecies in the public church meeting. In modern times men are uncovered in Christian worship in consequence of Paul’s rule, but not for his reason. If she refused to cover her physical head, she refused "to honor the source of her existence" (ibid). Christ, his head, not being visibly present, there was no mere humanity before which it became him to cover. "In NT times..among both Greeks and Romans, reputable women wore a veil in public..and to appear without it was an act of bravado (or worse); Tarsus, ..Paul"s home city, was especially noted for strictness in this regard."
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