Nisshō's lineage became the Nisshō or Hama monryu. The Gohonzon used in Nichiren Buddhism is composed of the names of key bodhisattvas and Buddhas in the Lotus Sutra as well as Namu-Myoho-Renge-Kyo written in large characters down the center. Nichiren Shonin provided all people with a way to understand and put into practice the true spirit of Shakyamuni’s teachings. During these time periods, collectively comprising Japan's medieval history, Nichiren Buddhism experienced considerable fracturing, growth, turbulence and decline. [1]:335–336 Soka Gakkai is the largest independent lay organization that shares roots with this lineage.[72]:119–120. [1]:239–299 Scholar Yoshirō Tamura categorizes the development of Nichiren's thinking into three periods: For more than 20 years Nichiren examined Buddhist texts and commentaries at Mount Hiei's Enryaku-ji temple and other major centers of Buddhist study in Japan. www.TryBuddhism.orgThis video can change your life! [29][30][31] However, even Mount Hiei, the seat of Tiantai Lotus Sutra devotion, had come to adopt an eclectic assortment of esoteric rituals and Pure Land practices as "expedient means" to understand the sutra itself. [1]:270 Both the invocation and the Gohonzon, as taught by Nichiren, embody the title and essence of the Lotus Sutra,[20] which he taught as the only valid scripture for the Latter Day of the Law,[21] as well as the life state of Buddhahood inherent in all life. Buddhist institutions had to align themselves to the new nationalistic agenda or perish. In addition, a few very large mandalas were inscribed, apparently intended for use at gathering places, suggesting the existence of some type of conventicle structure. It is active in interfaith organizations, including the International Association for Religious Freedom (IARF) and Religions for Peace (WCRP). For example, Tendai, Shingon, Jodō, and Nichiren temples often had chapels within them dedicated to Inari Shinto worship. It was the most frequently read and recited sutra by the literate lay class and its message was disseminated widely through art, folk tales, music, and theater. These writings are collectively known as Gosho (御書) or Nichiren ibun (日蓮遺文). Briefly, the basic practice of Nichiren Buddhism is chanting the invocation Nam-myoho-renge-kyo to a mandala inscribed by Nichiren, called the Gohonzon. [58][59][60] His Rissho Ankoku Ron, preserved at Shochuzan Hokekyo-ji, is one of the National Treasures of Japan. It is not identical to the historical Nikkō or Fuji lineage. Nikkō regarded the latter as a violation of Nichiren's Rissho ankoku ron. Nichiren (1222–82), the priest who established the form of Buddhism embraced by members of the Soka Gakkai, is a unique figure in Japanese social and religious history. [39]:119 He eventually concluded that the highest teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha (c.  563 – c.  483 BC) were to be found in the Lotus Sutra. These four critiques were later collectively referred to as his "four dictums. Welcome to the Soka Gakkai Nichiren Buddhism Library. In Satsuma, for example, by 1872 all of its 1000+ Buddhist temples had been abolished, their monks laicized, and their landholdings confiscated. Throughout the country thousands of Buddhist temples and, at a minimum, tens of thousands of Buddhist sutras, paintings, statues, temple bells and other ritual objects were destroyed, stolen, lost, or sold during the early years of the restoration. The Gohonzon depicts this insight through the use of Chinese calligraphy and represents the all encompassing life of the Eternal Buddha, not an object or thing. [117]:285 In 1975 the Soka Gakkai International was launched in Guam. After the above events and centuries of splintering based on dogma and institutional histories, the following major Nichiren temple schools, according to Matsunaga, were officially recognized in the Meiji era: Nichiren Buddhism went through many reforms in the Meiji Period during a time of persecution, Haibutsu kishaku (廃仏毀釈), when the government attempted to eradicate mainstream Japanese Buddhism. Shishio Bunka, Tokyo 1935–36, Pratom Prasertsak Angurarohita, 'Soka Gakkai in Thailand: A Sociological Study of its Emergence, World View, Recruitment Process, and Growth' (Ph.D. 1876: The Fuju-fuse-ha was recognized by the government after years of clandestine operation following episodes of persecution. It was replaced by the Ashikaga shogunate (1336–1573), which in turn was succeeded by the Azuchi–Momoyama period (1573–1600), and then the Tokugawa shogunate (1600–1868). We have been transmitting true Buddhism of our Founder, Nichiren Daishonin for more than 700 years. The disciples of Nichiren called his teachings ho (Buddhism), and called the proper inheritance of these teachings sojo, fuzoku, fuho, and so on. Nichiren (日蓮; born as Zen-nichi-maro (善日麿), Dharma name: Rencho, 16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282) was a Japanese Buddhist priest and philosopher of the Kamakura period (1185–1333), who developed the teachings of Nichiren Buddhism, a branch school of Mahayana Buddhism. Nichiren Shu provides a path that enables all people to overcome suffering, lead happy lives and help others do the same through practicing the essential teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha found in … About the Buddhism of Nichiren These teachings are based on those of the Lotus Sutra, the title of which alone, according to Nichiren, contains the essence of all the Buddhist teachings and the correct path to attaining enlightenment. Nichiren Buddhism Nichiren Buddhism is a branch of Mahāyāna Buddhism based on the teachings of the 13th century Japanese Buddhist priest Nichiren (1222–1282) and is one of the Kamakura Buddhism schools. [6], The Nichiren Gohonzon is a calligraphic image which is prominently displayed in the home or temple buildings of its believers. Nichiren was persecuted throughout his lifetime by the Japanese government and by religious powers who considered his revolutionary teachings a grave threat to their continued authority. Tanaka was charismatic and through his writings and lecturers attracted many followers such as Kanji Ishiwara. 3 talking about this. In 1253, Nichiren introduced the mantra Namu myoho renge kyo (I take refuge in the Lotus Sutra), which became central to his teachings on universal salvation. [56]:169 Most Nichiren schools point to the founding date of their respective head or main temple (for example, Nichiren Shū the year 1281, Nichiren Shōshū the year 1288, and Kempon Hokke Shu the year 1384) although they did not legally incorporate as religious bodies until the late 19th and early 20th century. The Nichiren scholar Udana-in Nichiki (1800–1859) argued for a policy of co-existence with other schools of Buddhism, Confucianism, Nativism, and European religions. [82]:101 By the end of the century Hokkeshū temples had been founded all over Kyoto, only being outnumbered by Zen temples. Inviolable shall remain these vows! [8]:1–5, By Nichiren's time the Lotus Sūtra was firmly established in Japan. Within Nichiren Buddhism there are two major divisions which fundamentally differ over whether Nichiren should be regarded as a bodhisattva of the earth, a saint, great teacher—or the actual Buddha of the third age of Buddhism. In order to put these three principles or Three Great Hidden Dharmas into practice, Nichiren Buddhists regularly recite selections from the Lotus Sutra and chant the Odaimoku in the presence of the Gohonzon. Drawing on Tendai thinking about the non duality of person and land, Nichiren argued that the truth and efficacy of the people's religious practice will be expressed in the outer conditions of their land and society. The approximately 1,500 members of the Nihonzan Myohoji have built peace pagodas, conducted parades beating the drum while chanting the daimoku, and encouraged themselves and others to create world peace. Nichiren Buddhism began in medieval Japan. Nichirō's direct lineage was called the Nichirō or Hikigayatsu monryu. In alphabetical order (Japanese characters preceded by "ja:" link to articles in the Japanese Wikipedia). daisan hōmon) of the Lotus Sutra, staked out in chapters 10-22, which emphasize practice in the mundane world. ), Jay Sakashita (ed. Suppressed, adherents often held their meetings clandestinely which led to the Fuju-fuse persecution and numerous executions of believers in 1668. The era was marked by an intertwining relationship between Buddhist schools and the state which included clerical corruption. Nitchō formed the Nakayama lineage but later returned to become a follower of Nikkō. In alphabetical order (Japanese characters preceded by "ja:" link to articles in the Japanese Wikipedia): Branch of Buddhism based on the teachings of the thirteenth century Japanese monk Nichiren, Early stage: From initial studies to 1260, 15th century through the early 19th century, 19th century: From Tokugawa to Meiji periods, Within new social and religious movements, Clerical Nichiren Buddhist schools and their head temples, 20th-century movements and lay organizations, English-language works, late 19th and early 20th centuries. Stone". [30]:427–428 Nisshō Honda advocated the unification of Japanese Buddhists to support the imperial state. Background Nichiren Daishonin wrote this letter to all his followers in the fifth month of 1273, while he was still enduring the severe privations of exile on Sado Island. Nichiren began to argue that through "bodily reading the Lotus Sutra," rather than just studying its text for literal meaning, a country and its people could be protected. [56]:306, Nichiren Buddhism was deeply influenced by the transition from the Tokugawa (1600–1868) to Meiji (1868–1912) periods in nineteenth-century Japan. In Society In this section you can find information about the Soka Gakkai’s activities to promote peace, culture and education, both through the initiatives of local organizations and through engagement with the United Nations. These figures ran against the growing tide of Japanese militarism and were subjected to political harassment and persecution. The Buddha specifically spoke of the sufferings resulting from major changes such as birth, old age, sickness and death, as well as the suffering that comes from loss, frustrated desires, unwanted situations and the basic changing nature of life. ji-riki) led him to harshly criticize Honen and his Pure Land Buddhism school because of its exclusive reliance on Amida Buddha for salvation which resulted in "other-dependence." Originally influenced by the ideals of Tanaka and Honda, Giro Seno came to reject ultra-nationalism and argued for humanism, socialism, pacifism, and democracy as a new interpretation of Nichiren's beliefs. Nichiren wondered why the teachings of Buddhism had lost their power to enable people to lead happy, empowered lives. [52]:165, 172, Throughout the events he wrote many letters to his disciples in which he gave context to the unfolding events by asserting that severe trials have deep significance. [30]:428[94]:230 Other ultra-nationalist activists who based their ideas on Nichiren were Ikki Kita and Nisshō Inoue.[30]:429. [8]:25 More important than the formality of ritual, he claimed, was the substance of the practitioner's life[8]:107 in which the spiritual and material aspects are interrelated. Nichiren Shu and SGI Buddhism In Japan, there are more than ten religious groups, which claim adherence to Nichiren’s teachings. [85], During the Edo period the majority of Hokkeshū temples were subsumed into the shogunate's Danka system, an imposed nationwide parish system designed to ensure religious peace and root out Christianity. [30]:433, Nichiren Buddhism has had a major impact on Japan's literary and cultural life. [38]:190 (3) How could he be assured of the certainty of his own enlightenment? Parts of the Kommon-ha, the Honmon-Shu, eventually became part of Nichiren Shu in the 1950s. Taiseki-ji does not dispute that the original documents are missing but holds that certified copies are preserved in their repositories. By embracing faith in the Gohonzon and striving sincerely in Buddhist practice for oneself and others, anyone can realize the state of buddhahood in this existence. Teachings of Nichiren Shonin Nichiren Shonin provided all people with a way to understand and put into practice the true spirit of Shakyamuni’s teachings. The meaning of Nam-myoho-renge-kyo is explained in the opening section of The Record of the Orally Transmitted Teachings, the record of Nichiren’s lectures on the Lotus Sutra compiled by his disciple and successor, Nikkō. [52]:155–156 Some of his prominent followers in other parts of the country were also being persecuted but maintained their faith as well. It has its roots in the teachings of Nichiren Daishonin (1222-1282), a 13th century Japanese monk who tried to reform Buddhism … It has over 2 million members and 300 Dharma centers in 20 countries throughout the world including Frankfurt and Moorslede. diss., University of Pennsylvania, 1993), "three thousand realms in a single thought-moment", Original Enlightenment and the Transformation of Medieval Japanese Buddhism, http://www.totetu.org/assets/media/paper/k018_258.pdf, "Chapter 12: East Asian Religions in Today's America", "The Sin of "Slandering the True Dharma" in Nichiren's Thought", "Canon formation in new religious movements: The case of the Japanese new religions", "The Uses of Nichiren in Modern Japanese History", "Nenbutsu Leads to the Avici Hell: Nichiren's Critique of the Pure Land Teachings", "The sin of slandering the true Dharma in Nichiren's thought", "Criticism and Appropriation Nichiren's Attitude toward Esoteric Buddhism", "ten major writings – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library", "The Atsuhara Affair: The Lotus Sutra, Persecution, and Religious Identity in the Early Nichiren Tradition", "Atsuhara Persecution – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library", "Gosho – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library", Some disputed writings in the Nichiren corpus: Textual, hermeneutical and historical problems, "Listing of Authenticated Gosho (Goibun) of Nichiren DaiShonin", "Nichiren and His Time: Rissho ankoku ron", "East Asian religions in today's America", "Nichiren school – Dictionary of Buddhism – Nichiren Buddhism Library", "origin+teaching"+"trace+teaching"&pg=PA355, "Rebuking the Enemies of the Lotus: Nichirenist Exclusivism in Historical Perspective", "Hokke Shinto: Kami in the Nichiren tradition", "Zen Books Reviewed: Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its Persecution by James Edward Ketelaar", "Buddhism and Japanese Nationalism: A Sad Chronicle of Complicity", "Shimaji Mokurai: Petition in Criticism of the Three Articles of Instruction", "Revisiting Nichiren; Ruben L. F. Habito and Jacqueline I.
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