Stresemann was Chancellor after the Hyperinflation Crisis of 1923 and was in charge of getting Germany back its global reputation for being a fighting force. The Sorpe dam was the one least likely to be breached. This was done under the Foreign Secretary of Germany, Gustav Stresemann. Formation No. In February 1943, Air Vice-Marshal Francis Linnell at the Ministry of Aircraft Production thought the work was diverting Wallis from the development of the Windsor. After the completion of the raid Gibson sympathised with Rice, telling him how he had also nearly lost his bomb to the sea. The economy of Germany began to rebound during the mid-1920s and the country continued with the payment of reparations—now funded by the large scale influx of American capital. The operation was given to No. 2 and heading for the longer, northern route, took off at 21:28 on 16 May. However, the Dawes Plan was considered by the Germans as a temporary measure and they expected a revised solution in the future. [18], The bombers flew low, at about 100 ft (30 m) altitude, to avoid radar detection. The squadron took delivery of the bombs on 13 May, after the final tests on 29 April. The Avro Lancaster Mk IIIs so modified were known as Lancaster B Mark III Special (Type 464 Provisioning).[9][10]. Dawes and Sir Austen Chamberlain shared the Nobel Peace Prize. The Dawes committee, which urged into action by Britain and the United States, consisted of ten informal expert representatives,[6] two each from Belgium (Baron Maurice Houtart, Emile Francqui), France (Jean Parmentier, Edgard Allix), Britain (Sir Josiah C. Stamp, Sir Robert M. Kindersley), Italy (Alberto Pirelli, Federico Flora), and the United States (Dawes and Owen D. Young, who were appointed by Commerce Secretary Herbert Hoover). The plan provided for an end to the Allied occupation, and a staggered payment plan for Germany's payment of war reparations. In May 1943 coal production dropped by 400,000 tons which German sources attribute to the effects of the raid. Initially the backspin was intended to increase the range of the mine[5] but it was later realized that it would cause the mine, after submerging, to run down the side of the dam towards its base, thus maximising the explosive effect against the dam. They rendered the V-2 rocket launch complex at Calais unusable, buried the V-3 guns, and destroyed bridges and other fortified installations, such as the Grand Slam attack on the railway viaduct at Bielefeld. In peacetime, the Imperial German Army included 217 regiments of infantry (plus the instruction unit, Lehr Infantry Battalion). The last of the survivors, Townsend's bomber, landed at 06:15. Thirteen of those killed were members of the RCAF and two belonged to the RAAF. 3 was a mobile reserve consisting of aircraft piloted by Flight Sergeant Cyril Anderson, Flt Sgt Bill Townsend, Flt Sgt Ken Brown (RCAF), P/O Warner Ottley and P/O Lewis Burpee (RCAF), taking off two hours later on 17 May, either to bomb the main dams or to attack three smaller secondary target dams: the Lister, the Ennepe and the Diemel. The Operations Room for the mission was at 5 Group Headquarters in St Vincents Hall, Grantham, Lincolnshire. Its mission was to attack the Möhne; any aircraft with bombs remaining would then attack the Eder. Byers was shot down by flak shortly afterwards, crashing into the Waddenzee. McCarthy's plane was on its own when it arrived over the Sorpe Dam at 00:15 hours, and realised the approach was even more difficult than expected: the flight path led over a church steeple in the village of Langscheid, located on the hillcrest overlooking the dam. A photo-reconnaissance Spitfire, piloted by Flying Officer Frank 'Jerry' Fray, took off from RAF Benson at 07:30 hours and arrived over the Ruhr River some hours after first light.
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