The cause of Québécois nationalism, which waxed and waned over two centuries, gained prominence from the 1960s onward. Sovereignty-association as originally proposed would have meant that Quebec would become a politically independent state, but would maintain a formal association with Canada — especially regarding economic affairs. Tension between the francophone, Catholic population of Quebec and the largely anglophone, Protestant population of the rest of Canada has been a central theme of Canadian history, shaping the early territorial and cultural divisions of the country that persist to this day. The Parti Québécois won re-election despite losing the popular vote to Jean Charest and the Quebec Liberals. For a majority of Quebec politicians, whether sovereignist or not, the problem of Quebec's political status is considered unresolved to this day. There is also the question of whether the French language can survive within the geographic boundaries of Quebec and where French-Canadian society and culture fits into what is an increasingly multicultural country. Although Quebec independence is a political question, cultural concerns are also at the root of the desire for independence. A country where they are wanted and appreciated. If you are on a personal connection, like at home, you can run an anti-virus scan on your device to make sure it is not infected with malware. They'll be treated like a normal country. But, one conclusion that appears to be universal is that one event in particular—dubbed "the night of long knives"—energized the sovereignist movement during the 1980s. Why should Quebec not separate from CanadaQuebec has been fighting for its independence from Canada for many years and the primary reason for this is cultural differences. The opponents of the sovereignty movement view the project as ethnically exclusive, based on its rejection by non-Francophones. Of course not. [14] The Cree have stated that a unilateral declaration of independence by Quebec would be a violation of fundamental principles of human rights, democracy and consent. Saskatchewan's Roy Romanow warned "It's two or three minutes to midnight". support for separation increased to 40% yes, the no vote still led with 41%, and the unsure increased to 19%. While opponents of sovereignty were pleased with the defeat of the referendum, most recognized[example needed] that there were still deep divides within Quebec and problems with the relationship between Quebec and the rest of the country. The main inspiration for this project was the then-emerging European Community. during a speech from the balcony of Montreal's city hall during a state visit to Canada. [31], Former French President Nicolas Sarkozy has stated on the record that he opposes the separation of Quebec from Canada. Thanks and greetings from the USA. • Same thing in Quebec, like you said many people in Quebec do not speak English. We have had a constitution since before the American revolution." Cree arguments generally do not claim the right to secede from Canada; rather, the Cree see themselves as a people bound to Canada by treaty (see the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement), and as citizens of Canada. Across Canada, 84 per cent of respondents said Quebec should stay in Canada, while 69 per cent agreed that the issue of sovereignty is settled. Federal Liberal politicians stated that the ambiguous wording of the 1995 referendum question was the primary impetus in the bill's drafting. The majority of the people in Quebec are not interested in separation anymore. Canadians from every region outside Quebec, non-Francophone Quebecers (62 per cent), Francophone Canadians outside Quebec (77 per cent) all rejected the idea.[30]. "Our position is clear. Please enable Cookies and reload the page. Another way to prevent getting this page in the future is to use Privacy Pass. The proposal was rejected by 60 percent of the Quebec electorate. The achievement of sovereignty for the Quebec state. The dollar … and is tied to national independence in the minds of most Quebecers. The legislature precipitously abrogated the only law guaranteeing linguistic rights to the French population. Quebec has long been different from the rest of Canada, even when the whole region was still part of the British Empire rather than an independent country. However, this … Separatists and Independentists are generally opposed to some aspects of the federal system in Canada and do not believe it can be reformed in a way that could satisfy the needs of Quebec's French-speaking majority. In Option Québec Lévesque expressly identified the EC as his model for forming a new relationship between sovereign Quebec and the rest of Canada, one that would loosen the political ties while preserving the economic links. Here the argument expresses the claim that the Mohawk nation has a more legitimate claim to distinct nationhood on the basis of traditional lands and a constitution predating confederation (and the creation of Quebec and a Québécois identity) and thus should be afforded the right of self-determination. (82 per cent of Quebecers are Francophone.) It was part of the 1976 sovereignist platform which swept the Parti Québécois into power in that year's provincial elections – and included a promise to hold a referendum on sovereignty-association. Why do i say no that Quebec should not be an independent country because if it becomes than all of our history will not be studied as much as it is being studied know because than they will only study the history that the other independent country has and Quebec probably wont even be called Quebec. The Grand Council of Crees, Cree Legal Struggle Against the Great Whale Project , Dennis Swann (1992) The Economics of the Common Market, p ix, Drouilly Pierre, L'année politique au Québec 1997-1998 _Les tendances du vote 1985-1995 Université du Québec à Montréal, 1999, History of the Quebec independence movement, Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale, The Canadian Crown and Aboriginal peoples, Mouvement de libération nationale du Québec, Fédération des travailleurs et travailleuses du Québec, Mouvement national des Québécois et des Québécoises, List of subjects related to the Quebec independence movement, "Parti Québécois wins Quebec election 2012", New Quebec government could have problems over tax hike plans, "Statistics on Official Languages in Quebec", Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs, "Trudeau promises a renewed Confederation", "The Legality of a Unilateral Declaration of Independence under Canadian Law", http://http-server.carleton.ca/~gfrajkor/zine97/group3/quebec.html, http://www2.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/bp412-e.htm#A, http://www.gcc.ca/archive/article.php?id=116, http://www.gcc.ca/archive/article.php?id=37, "Parti Québécois first elected 35 years ago today", "Brief to the Outaouais Commission on the Future of Quebec", "Provinces Brainstorm on Issue of Quebec Secession", "Separation from Canada Unlikely for a Majority of Quebecers", "Sondage Léger Marketing-Le Devoir - L'appui à la souveraineté ne fléchit pas", "New Movement For Quebec: Prominent Sovereigntists Publish Manifesto, Slam PQ As Spent Force", "Canadians and Liberals reject Quebec nationhood: poll", "À la demande du Québec : la diplomatie québécoise de la France de 1969 à 1980 (Note)", "Sarkozy répudie le "ni-ni" sans ambiguïté", "Sarkozy's sovereignty comments spark anger in Quebec", "France revives neutral policy on Quebec independence", UNESCO article on the evolution of Quebec nationalism (2002) (Archived), Section 27 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Language policies of Canada's provinces and territories, Legal dispute over Quebec's language policy, Official bilingualism in the public service of Canada, Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism, Timeline of official languages policy in Canada, Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada, Canadian Anti-racism Education and Research Society, Quebec historical anti-Semitism controversy, Indian Residential Schools Truth and Reconciliation Commission, 2020 Canadian pipeline and railway protests, Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations, Royal Commission of Inquiry on Constitutional Problems, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quebec_sovereignty_movement&oldid=1009049789, All Wikipedia articles written in Canadian English, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2012, Articles needing examples from August 2012, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2012, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. In 2003, the PQ launched the Saison des idées ("Season of ideas") which is a public consultation aiming to gather the opinions of Quebecers on its sovereignty project. In 2012 it was elected to a minority government, in which its leader, Pauline Marois, became the first female premier of Quebec. Some advocates of Quebec independence saw Quebec's situation in a similar light; numerous activists were influenced by the writings of Frantz Fanon, Albert Memmi, and Karl Marx. A panel of Quebec civil servants, at the request of the ruling Parti Québécois at the time, wrote a report arguing that International law guarantees the territorial integrity of Quebec[29] should Quebec become an independent state. Your IP: 51.15.35.227 The overwhelming number of casualties came from attacks by the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ), a militant organization which perpetrated a bombing and armed robbery campaign from 1963 to 1970, culminating in the October Crisis and the death of Deputy Premier Pierre Laporte. Some people in Quebec want to be Independent and a Quebecois (not a Canadian). However, public support for sovereignty remained too low for the PQ to consider holding a second referendum during their second term. In September, the PQ created a national committee of Anglophones and a liaison committee with ethnic minorities. Expecting Bouchard to announce another referendum if his party won the 1998 Quebec general election, the leaders of all other provinces and territories gathered for the Calgary Declaration in September 1997 to discuss how to oppose the sovereignty movement. In the 2004 federal elections, the Bloc Québécois won 54 of Quebec's 75 seats in the House of Commons, compared to 33 previously. [28] In contemporary times most mainstream political parties in Quebec deny or refuse to comment on the idea that Quebec can be divided up. The other nine provinces of Canada have generally been opposed to Quebec sovereignty. Advocates of European integration had, from the outset, seen political union as a desirable and natural consequence of economic integration.[18]. [25], The 2009 Angus Reid poll also revealed some effects of the Clarity Act in which they asked two questions, one a straightforward question for a separate nation, and the other a more muddled version on separation similar to the one posed in the 1995 referendum. Three days earlier, Bourassa, former minister of federalism, had hurriedly changed his tune: "English Canada must understand that... Quebec is, today and forever, a distinct society, free and able to assume its destiny and its development. This was a move to recognize that other provinces represent distinct cultural entities, such as the aboriginal population in Canada's Prairies or the people of Newfoundland (which contains significant and culturally distinct French-Canadian, English-Canadian, Irish-Canadian and Aboriginal cultures- and many more). Other minority provincial political parties, such as Option nationale and Québec solidaire, also supported sovereignty, but were not always supportive of the Parti Québécois (the two parties merged in 2017). Many scholars point to historical events as framing the cause for ongoing support for sovereignty in Quebec, while more contemporary politicians may point to the aftermath of more recent developments like the Canada Act of 1982, the Meech Lake Accord or the Charlottetown Accord. During the 2007 Quebec election, federalist and Liberal Party of Quebec leader Jean Charest said that "All of these things are hypothetical questions...I do not think that Quebec is divisible. Performance & security by Cloudflare, Please complete the security check to access. Canada - Canada - Quebec separatism: French Canadian nationalists favoured some form of enhanced status for Quebec: special status within confederation, a new form of association on the basis of equality with English Canada, or complete independence as a sovereign country. It is widely considered by sovereignists as an illegitimate piece of legislation, who asserted that Quebec alone had the right to determine its terms of secession. The new program and the revised sovereignty project was adopted at the 2005 Congress. The hyphen between the words "sovereignty" and "association" was often stressed by Lévesque and other PQ members, to make it clear that both were inseparable. Another consequence of the failure of the Meech Lake Accord was the formation of the Bloc Québécois (BQ), a sovereignist federal political party, under the leadership of the charismatic former Progressive Conservative federal cabinet minister Lucien Bouchard. They will have there own religion and language instead of being multilingual like C anada. Though the Parti Québécois has long spearheaded the sovereignty movement, it's not alone. At the Royal Commission on the Future of Quebec (also known as the Outaouais Commission) in 1995, the Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada made a presentation in which the party leader, Hardial Bains, recommended to the committee that Quebec declare itself as an independent republic.[20]. The reason stated was that if Canada decided to boycott Quebec exports after voting for independence, the new country would have to go through difficult economic times, as the barriers to trade between Canada and the United States were then very high. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. Approximately 60% of Quebec's voting public rejected the idea put forth by Parti Québécois leader René Lévesque. 34% replied yes, 54% said no, and 13% were unsure. The Union Populaire had nominated candidates in the 1979 and 1980 federal elections, and the Parti nationaliste du Québec had nominated candidates in the 1984 election, but neither of these parties enjoyed the official support of the PQ; nor did they enjoy significant public support among Quebecers. -Quebec will be -Quebec will need to depend independent from on other countries for crops Canadian laws -Quebec will lose allies and trade -Quebec will have … Eight of the other Canadian provinces are overwhelmingly (greater than 95%) English-speaking, while New Brunswick is officially bilingual and about one-third Francophone. Therefore, the citizens of the rest of a Spanish state based on the 1978 democratic Constitution have as much right to vote on the future of t… Aside from marginal movements, the only major secessionist movement in English Canada has been the Maritimes Anti-Confederation movement immediately after Confederation occurred. The "independence + socialism" project of the ASIQ was a source of political ideas for the Front de libération du Québec (FLQ). Most groups within this movement seek to gain independence through peaceful means, using negotiation-based diplomatic intervention, although fringe groups have advocated and used violent means. [5] With regard to the creation of the sovereignist movement, language issues were but a sub-stratum of larger cultural, social and political differences. The first, which occurred in 1980, asked whether Quebeckers wished to open constitutional negotiations with the federal government (and other provinces) for the intended purpose of establishing a "sovereignty-association" pact between the province of Quebec and the rest of Canada. There remains no conclusive evidence that the sovereignty movement derives significant support today because of anything that was promised back in the 1970s. This would create a new province of Canada, from the southwestern and southern portions of the province (comprising half of Montreal, parts of the Outaouais, the Eastern Townships). Another reason why Quebec should separate is that Canada has a large debt of over 150 billion dollars. Polling data showed that 32% of Quebecers believe that Quebec had enough sovereignty and should remain part of Canada, 28% thought they should separate, and 30% say they believe that Quebec does need greater sovereignty but should remain part of Canada. [6] Supporters of sovereignty for Quebec believe that the current relationship between Quebec and the rest of Canada does not reflect Quebec's best social, political and economic development interests. Nonetheless, the constitution is integral to the political and legal systems used in Quebec. René Lévesque was defeated in Mont-Royal by the Liberal André Marchand. [citation needed] Afterward, testimony by PQ-appointed polling clerks indicated that they were ordered by PQ-appointed overseers to reject ballots in these polling stations for frivolous reasons that were not covered in the election laws. The small minority who are still beating that dead horse known as separation are the same ones who want Quebec to be a small island of French speakers, surrounded by 370 million Anglos. Well it goes the other way in the rest of Canada, most anglophones do not even try to speak French. The Supreme Court of Canada confirmed this view in its Advisory Opinion on whether Quebec had the right to unilateral secession (Crawford, 1997; Nanda, 2000-2001:307). Bouchard did not accept his invitation; organizers did not invite Chrétien. [25], 2011 was considered a watershed year for the sovereignist movement. However, in the 2006 federal elections the BQ lost three seats and in the 2008 federal elections lost two additional seats, bringing their total down to 49, but was still the most popular federal party in Quebec up until the 2011 Canadian federal election, when the BQ was devastated by the federalist NDP, with the Bloc at a total of four seats and the loss of official party status in the Commons (compared to the NDP's 59 seats, Conservatives' five seats, and the Liberals' seven seats in Quebec). In general, francophones outside Quebec oppose sovereignty or any form of national recognition for Quebec, while non-francophones, particularly the anglophone minority in Montreal, also have remained opposed. They argue that no annexation of them or their territory to an independent Quebec should take place without their consent, and that if Quebec has the right to leave Canada then the Cree people have the right to choose to keep their territory in Canada. On September 10, 1960, the Rassemblement pour l'indépendance nationale (RIN) was founded, with Pierre Bourgault quickly becoming its leader. If Quebec separates, it will have many problems such as political problems and that is why I will tell you some of the reasons Quebec should stay and what will happen if Quebec separates. And it may well be that a certain number of Quebecers did and may even now feel "bad" both about the nature of that deal and how Trudeau (a Quebecer himself) went about reaching it. As part of Canada, Quebec enjoys a fairly stable economy and working governmental infrastructure. The matter was dropped by the party for most of the 1980s, especially after the patriation of the Canadian constitution without the consent of the Parti Québécois government, and the creation of the federal Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which enshrined the protection of the French language and French-Canadian culture in Canada. On the federal level, another party, the Bloc Québécois, also support the independence of the province. However, the Supreme Court of Canada disagreed when the matter was referred to that body, ruling that the Act is constitutional and, just as Canada is divisible, so is Quebec, a ruling that has significant implications for linguistic and ethnic minorities within Quebec, the bulk of whom have traditionally opposed secession. They are much more interested in having a job, and being able to educate their kids. While opponents of sovereignty were pleased with their referendum victories, most recognized that there are still deep divides within Quebec and problems with the relationship between Quebec and the rest of Canada. They are an integeral part of this nation! For practical purposes, many political pundits use the political career and efforts of René Lévesque as a marker for the beginnings of what is now considered the contemporary movement, although more broadly accepted consensus appears on the contemporary movement finding its origins in a period called the Quiet Revolution. The historical context of the time was a period when many former European colonies, such as Cameroon, Congo, Senegal, Algeria, and Jamaica, were becoming independent. This time, the sovereignists lost in a very close vote: 50.6 percent to 49.4 percent, or only 53,498 votes out of more than 4,700,000 votes cast. An inquiry by the director-general of elections concluded in 2007 that at least $500,000 was spent by the federalist camp in violation of Quebec's election laws. Quebec should stay the course and continue to work in developing what is acknowledged by the rest of the society as "the best country in the world. I am American but I noticed that most English-speakers in Canada don't want to give freedom and Independence to the people of Quebec. The debate still occasionally rages within the province about the best way to heal the rift and the sovereignty movement derives some degree of support from a belief that healing should take the form of separation from Canada. Quebec uses one language which is French. -Stephen Harper This This debt has been accumulating over the years, but Canada is slowly starting to come out of it. Quebec's distinctive language and culture have led many of its residents to ask for separation from the rest of Canada from time to time. -. If Quebec separated, it would have to take a share of the federal debt, as well, probably around 23 per cent given Quebec’s share of the population. In practice, "separatist" and "sovereignist" are terms used to describe individuals wanting the province of Quebec to separate from Canada to become a country of its own; supporters of the movement generally prefer the latter term. [25] The most startling revelation of the poll was in the fact that only 20% or 1 in 5 polled believed that Quebec would ever separate from Canada. [23] An inquiry by "Le Directeur général des élections" concluded in 2007 that the "No" camp had exceeded the campaign spending limits by $500,000. However, they do not want to be completely independent. [1][2] However, only eighteen months later, the PQ was defeated by the Liberal Party of Quebec in the 2014 election. On August 26, 1977, the PQ passed two main laws: first, the law on the financing of political parties, which prohibits contributions by corporations and unions and set a limit on individual donations, and second, the Charter of the French Language.
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