ottokar ii of bohemia

Ottokar's parents were Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia, and Judith of Thuringia. He was born in 1271, ten years after the marriage of his parents. Ottokar II (Czech: Přemysl Otakar II; c. 1233 – 26 August 1278), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278. BOHEMIA AND MORAVIA SCOTT# B13-B14 MNH GERMAN RED CROSS. "Ottakar I.". The revered member of the Přemysl dynasty is the protagonist in the 1977 Czech novel Iron King, Golden King by Ludmila Vaňková, and this author focuses on the era following Otakar’s death in another book. Ottokar II (Czech: Přemysl Otakar II; c. 1233 – 26 August 1278), the Iron and Golden King, was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty who reigned as King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278. The same year Ottokar entered Austria, where the estates acclaimed him as Duke. Ottokar II of Bohemia King of Bohemia. Ottokar II the Iron and Golden King Přemyslid of Bohemia, King of Bohemia, Duke of Austria, Duke of Styria, Duke of Carinthia, Duke of Carniola, was born circa 1230 to Wenceslaus I of Bohemia (c1205-1253) and Kunigunde von Staufen (1200-1248) and died 26 August 1278 of unspecified causes. Ottokar II Přemysl in a miniature from the Gelnhausen Codex. 978-5511269887. He was a strong proponent of trade, law and order. As new heir, his father appointed him Margrave of Moravia and Ottokar took his residence in Brno, where he was occupied with the reconstruction of the Moravian lands devastated by Mongol raids. He was, however, soon overthrown for joining a conspiracy of German princes to bring down the Hohenstaufen dynasty. Besides supporting towns, he built many fortresses himself — Zvíkov Castle, Křivoklát Castle or Bezděz Castle in Bohemia, and the famed Hofburg Palace in Vienna — and also induced his vassals to build castles. Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia, Pages using infobox royalty with unknown parameters, Commons category with local link different than on Wikidata, File:King Přemysl Otakar II of Bohemia - Alfons Mucha.jpg, https://historipediaofficial.wikia.org/wiki/Ottokar_II_of_Bohemia?oldid=28210, Agnes (5 September 1269 – 17 May 1296), married. [8], In 1200, with Otto IV in the ascendancy, Ottokar abandoned his pact with Philip of Swabia and declared for the Welf faction. Ottokar II "King of Bohemia" "Iron and Golden King" of Bohemia b. Béla formed a loose alliance with the Wittelsbach duke Otto II of Bavaria and tried to install his son Stephen as Duke of Styria, which since 1192 was ruled in personal union with Austria according to the Georgenberg Pact. In 1253, King Wenceslaus died and Přemysl Ottokar succeeded his father as King of Bohemia. In 1248 he was enticed by discontented nobles to lead a rebellion against his father King Wenceslaus. He was the only son of King Ottokar II of Bohemia and Ottokar's second wife Kunigunda. —•Founding•— Although some former rulers of Bohemia had enjoyed a non-hereditary royal title during the 11th and 12th centuries (Vratislaus II, Vladislaus II), the kingdom was formally established in 1198 by Přemysl Ottokar I, who had his status acknowledged by Philip of Swabia, elected King of the Romans, in return for his support against the rival Emperor Otto IV. Kunigunda was the daughter of Rostislav Mikhailovich, lord of Slavonia, son of a Grand Prince of Kiev, and Anna of Hungary, daughter of Béla IV of Hungary.His great-grandfather was the German king Philip of Swabia. aka Przemyls Ottokar (Ottakar) II PRZEMYSLIDE. People Projects ... Duke and King of Bohemia: Reign I. WikiZero Özgür Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumanın En Kolay Yolu . His rule was once again contested by the Hungarians on the field of battle. During this rebellion he was elected "the younger King" (mladší král) on 31 July 1248 and temporarily expelled his father from Prague Castle. In 1197, Ottokar forced his brother, Duke Vladislaus III Henry, to abandon Bohemia to him and to content himsel… Ottokar II (Czech: Přemysl Otakar II.) King Wenceslaus had initially attempted to acquire Austria by marrying his heir, Vladislav, to the last duke's niece Gertrude of Babenberg. In fact it was progressive, for it freed subjects from feudal obligations, except for rent — and tax, if such was levied. King Ottokar II of Bohemia . At a convention of the Imperial Diet at Nuremberg in 1274, Conrad decreed that all Imperial lands that had changed hands since the death of the last Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II must be returned to the crown. He also held the titles of a Margrave of Moravia from 1247, Duke of Austria from 1251, Duke of Styria from 1260, as well as Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Carniola from 1269. Ottokar II, roi de Bohême. His grandson, Ottokar II, rebelled against his father Wenceslas, and was both imprisoned and excommunicated before ascending to … However, the Bohemian king was again not the successful candidate, as the electors voted for the Conrad, Ottokar's last and finally victorious rival. Gen. Pierpont Hamilton's 20-Great Grandfather. In 1275 Conrad placed Ottokar under the Imperial ban and besieged his Hofburg residence in Vienna, while the Bohemian lands were shaken by a rebellion led by the Vítkovci noble Zavis of Falkenstein. Genealogy for Ottokar Of Přemyslid - von Böhmen, I (1155 - 1230) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. On 11 February 1252, Přemysl Ottokar II married Margaret of Austria. After several struggles in which he took part, he was recognized as ruler … [5] His early years were passed amid the anarchy that prevailed everywhere in the country. In 1197, Ottokar forced his brother, Duke Vladislaus III Henry, to abandon Bohemia to him and to content himself with Moravia. His early years were passed amid the anarchy which prevailed everywhere in the country. Ottokar I established the hereditary royal Přemyslid dynasty of Bohemia in 1198, and they would go on to become the prime power brokers in the Holy Roman Empire. After several military struggles, he was recognized as ruler of Bohemia by Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI in 1192. Two years later, the Bohemian king made a last attempt to recover his lost lands by force. At the peak of his power, Ottokar II's realm stretched from the Sudetes to the Adriatic Sea. Ottokar II of Bohemia Paperback See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editions. After several military struggles, he was recognized as ruler of Bohemia by Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI in 1192. However, after a few years the conflict resumed and Ottokar defeated the Hungarians in July 1260 at the Battle of Kressenbrunn, ending years of disputes over Styria with Béla IV. To legitimize his position, Přemysl Ottokar married the late Duke Frederick II's sister Margaret of Babenberg, who was his senior by 30 years and the widow of the Hohenstaufen king Henry (VII) of Germany[2] (who, ironically, had been engaged to Ottokar's aunt Saint Agnes of Bohemia prior to marrying Margaret). Ottokar was the second son of King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia. He also held the titles Duke of Austria (1251–1276), Duke of Styria (1260–1276), Duke of Carinthia (1269–1276), Duke … Furthermore, he instituted open immigration policies through which skilled German-speaking immigrants settled in major cities throughout his domains. Price New from Used from Paperback "Please retry" — — — Paperback — Previous page. Early years Přemysl Ottokar's parents were Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia, and Judith of Thuringia. This peace agreement was also sealed by a royal marriage. He also held the titles of a Duke of Austria from 1251, Duke of Styria from 1260, as well as Duke of Carinthia and Margrave of Carniola from 1269. 1209). Next page Although a subject of the Holy Roman Empire, the Bohemian king was to be the leading electoral prince of the Holy Roman Empire and to furnish all subsequent emperors with a bodyguard of 300 knights when they went to Rome for their coronation. Ottokar II of Bohemia King of Bohemia. HM Margrethe II's 18-Great Grandfather. [5] They probably had four children: Ottokar also had two extramarital sons and daughters. Conrad had his body laid out in state at the Vienna Minorites Church. 20 (11th ed.). (Otakar II, sometimes spelled Ottokar, properly Přemysl Otakar II, b. Wenceslaus released Přemysl Ottokar very soon and in 1251 again made him Margrave of Moravia and installed him, with the approval of the Austrian nobles, as governor of Austria. HRE Ferdinand I's 9-Great Grandfather. Ottokar Přemyslid of Bohemia, Duke of Bohemia, King of Bohemia, was born circa 1155 in Czech Republic to Vladislav II of Bohemia (c1110-1174) and Jutta von Thüringen (c1135-c1175) and died 15 December 1230 of unspecified causes. Genealogy profile for Ottokar I Premysl, King of Bohemia. Instead of being able to claim only the support of individual lords, the Jews could from then on claim support of any royal officer. In 1297 Ottokar's mortal remains were finally transferred to St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague. AFour years after Frederick II in 1254 Conrad Artusmeile who already become Duke of Swadia and King of the Romans was first elected Holy Roman Emperor, Ottokar also hoped to obtain the Imperial dignity - as King of the Romans - for himself. He was a member of the Přemyslid dynasty. His early years were passed amid the anarchy that prevailed everywhere in the country. Judith of Bohemia (Judita) (- 2 June 1230), married to. 1192–1193 II. Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire (1618) Ottokar is a significant figure in history and legend. Přemysl König von Böhmen, Herzog von Österreich, der Steiermark, Kärnten und Krain. ISBN-10. Otakar II, (born 1230—died Aug. 26, 1278, Dürnkrut, Austria), king of Bohemia (1253–78), who briefly established his crownland as the most powerful state of the Holy Roman Empire. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. When his brother Vladislaus died in 1247, Ottokar suddenly became the heir to the Bohemian throne. He is also the protagonist of a tragedy by the 19th-century Austrian playwright Franz Grillparzer, titled König Ottokars Glück und Ende. Přemysl Ottokar again found allies in Bavaria, Brandenburg and Poland. ISBN-13. 1230; d. 8/26/1278, King of Bohemia) Named after his grandfather King Přemysl Ottokar I, he was originally educated for the role of an ecclesiastical administrator, while his elder brother Vladislaus was designated heir of the Bohemian kingdom. Named after his grandfather King Přemysl Ottokar I, he was originally educated for the role of an ecclesiastical administrator, while his elder brother … In the 2nd part of the 13th century the castle was entrusted to Otto von Maissau, by Ottokar II of Bohemia. This would have deprived Ottokar not only of the Egerland, but also of the Swabia, Styrian, and French duchies. [9] Subject to his recognition as duke, Ottokar had to allow his divorced wife to return to Bohemia. Free selling and leaving of estates could also be bought and soon became common. Ottokar is a legendary king of the fictitious nation of Syldavia, which geographically overlaps, loosely, with some southern parts of the real Ottokar II's kingdom. [6] The king was no longer subject to appointment by the emperor and was only required to attend Diets close to the Bohemian border. [2] Margaret was 26 years older than him and the couple's childless marriage ended with an annulment. Through his mother, Kunigunde, daughter of Philip of Swabia, he was related to the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors, which became extinct in the male line upon the execution of King Conradin of Sicily in 1268. [2] On 25 October 1261, Ottokar married Kunigunda of Slavonia. Seller 100% positive. During the following peace phase, King Ottokar II led two crusade expeditions against the pagan Old Prussians. Ottokar's reign was also notable for the start of German immigration into Bohemia and the growth of towns in what had until that point been forest lands. Details about King Ottokar of Bohemia & King Rudolf, Battle, Austria 1978 MNH. Privileges of civic charters usually excluded the towns from obedience to the traditional courts held by members of nobility. pp. Ottokar II … After another victory, Ottokar became the most powerful king within the Empire. In 1246 a battle was fought on the plain below the castle between the armies of Frederick II, Duke of Austria, and Ulrich III, Duke of Carinthia. He also held the titles Duke of Austria (1251-1276), Duke of Styria (1260-1276), Duke of Carinthia (1269-1276), Duke of Carniola (1269-1276), and lord of … Přemysl Ottokar refused to acknowledge Conrad's 1254 election, and urged the Pope to adopt a similar policy. Ottokar's parents were Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia, and Judith of Thuringia. Encyclopædia Britannica. Wenceslas II, King of Bohemia was born in 1271. Other illegitimate children include John, provost of Vyšehrad Chapter. Some of the fortresses built by Ottokar were for centuries the strongest in Bohemia. Remember Pearl Harbor 1942 Unused Cinderella World War II Stamp-Rare! 1238), married to Count Henry I of Ortenberg. Cambridge University Press. As noted, the historic East Prussian city of Königsberg (King's Mountain) was named in his honor as a tribute to his support of the Teutonic Knights in their war with the pagan Old Prussians. Brit., 15th ed. This can be seen as a step towards equality and a precursor of modern civil law. 1155 Died: 1230. He become the unsuccessful candidate for the Imperial crown for the first election of 1236 and 1272 election. Ottokar's parents were Vladislaus II, Duke of Bohemia, and Judith of Thuringia. Ottokar's reign was also notable for the start of German immigration into Bohemia and the growth of towns in what had until that point been forest lands. From his time stems the oldest preserved source of Czech law, Zemské desky, and also the oldest written Czech communal law, recorded in the founding deeds of the respective towns. In 1226, Ottokar went to war against Duke Leopold VI of Austria after the latter wrecked a deal that would have seen Ottokar's daughter (Saint Agnes of Bohemia) married to Frederick II's son Henry II of Sicily. Otto IV and later Pope Innocent III[9] subsequently accepted Ottokar as the hereditary King of Bohemia.[10]. Ottokar II. His early years were passed amid the anarchy that prevailed everywhere in the country. 5511269883. Born: Prague abt. It was conquered in 1620, during the 30 Years' War, but by then it was long deserted, and in that state was defended by rebelling subjects against an Imperial army. That match had been cut short by Vladislav's death and Gertrude's remarriage to the Zähringen margrave Herman VI of Baden. He was a founder of many new towns (about 30 — not only in Bohemia, Moravia and Silesia, but also in Austria and Styria) and incorporated many existing settlements through civic charters, giving them new privileges. Ottokar II of Bohemia (d. 1278) King of Bohemia (1253-1278) and leader of two crusades to Prussia. 1233 Died: 1278 Austria ... PM Churchill's 20-Great Grandfather. Ottokar II (Czech: Přemysl II. It was an uneasy peace. He issued also a general privilege to the Jews (1254), which established principles of integration of the Jews into the Czech society until 1848. Book on Demand Pod. (c. 1233 - 26 August 1278), called The Iron and Golden King, was the King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278. Ulrich lost and was subsequently held captive in Staatz Castle. 1197–1230 Coronation 1203, Prague. Before his conflict with Rudolf of Habsburg, Ottokar exacted influence over a number of relatives, allies and vassals in Germany, such as the Margraviate of Brandenburg — and spiritual principalities, including the Archbishopric of Salzburg and the Patriarchate of Aquileia. Ottokar (Cz. He held this office till 1273. found: Ency. [9] Having been completed this condition, he again ranged himself among Philip's partisans and still later was among the supporters of the young King Frederick II. Ottokar II of Bohemia is similar to these monarches: Bolesław I the Brave, Konstantin Tih, Samuel of Bulgaria and more. He collected a large army to meet the forces of Conrad and his ally King Ladislaus IV of Hungary in the Battle on the Marchfeld on 26 August 1278, where he was defeated and killed. Ottokar was quickly forced back into Philip's camp by the imperial declaration of a new duke of Bohemia, Děpolt III. aka Przemyl Ottokar `the Great' Born: abt. As Czech traditional law was different from that of his other domains, many principles introduced during his reign formed core of the Czech law for the following centuries. By supporting the city of Jihlava (German: Iglau) with its mines, he laid foundation of the silver wealth of later Bohemian kings. During the Imperial interregnum, Ottokar could increase his personal influence in the throne quarrel between Richard of Cornwall and Alfonso of Castile. Father and son were eventually reconciled to assist the king's aim of acquiring the neighbouring Duchy of Austria, where the last Babenberg duke Frederick II had been killed in the 1246 Battle of the Leitha River. According to popular oral tradition, he was profoundly shocked by his brother's death and did not involve himself in politics, becoming focused on hunting and drinking. In 1212 Frederick granted the Golden Bull of Sicily to Bohemia. The time period immediately following Otakar II’s death is portrayed by Bedřich Smetana in his opera The Brandenburgers in Bohemia. He married Constance of Hungary (c1180-1240) 1199 JL. This page was last edited on 4 May 2019, at 08:55. Königsberg (now Kaliningrad, Russia), founded in 1255 by the Teutonic Order, was named in his honour and later became the capital of the Duchy of Prussia. 367–368. 1 He was the son of Premysl II Ottokar, King of Bohemia and Kunigarde of Galicia. In 1267 he was appointed protector of the royal domains (of the Holy Roman Empire) east of the Rhine by the German king, Richard of Cornwall. King Ottokar may have served as inspiration for the title character of King Ottokar's Sceptre, an Adventures of Tintin story. Publisher. Their marriage took place on 11 February 1252 at Hainburg.[3]. Ottokar ended his marriage to Margaret and married Béla's young granddaughter Kunigunda of Halych, who became the mother of his children. Ottokar II (Czech: Premysl Otakar II.) A sign of rising strength of Bohemia, it was also a reaction to the Mongol raids of the 13th century (see Béla IV of Hungary). Wm. He was possibly educated by the Bohemian chancellor Philip of Spanheim, who would later become a rival for the rule in the Duchy of Carinthia. Otakar; c. 1233 – 26 August 1278), called The Iron and Golden King, was the King of Bohemia from 1253 until 1278. Ottokar then planned for the same daughter to marry Henry III of England, but this was vetoed by the emperor, who knew Henry to be an opponent of the Hohenstaufen dynasty. In the country, Ottokar's introduction of the Law of Emphyteusis into the Czech law is sometimes interpreted as "Germanization". The castle housed Bohemian legal records Zemské desky and many spiritual and temporal treasures during the destructive civil strife of the Hussite wars (1419–1434) in Bohemia. Taking advantage of the civil war in Germany between the Hohenstaufen claimant Philip of Swabia and the Welf candidate Otto IV, Ottokar declared himself King of Bohemia in 1198,[6] being crowned in Mainz. This document recognised Ottokar and his heirs as Kings of Bohemia. The Duchy of Bohemia was established in 870 and raised to the Kingdom of Bohemia in 1198.Several Bohemian monarchs ruled as non-hereditary kings beforehand, first gaining the title in 1085. He was the Duke of Austria (1251-1276), Styria (1260-1276), Carinthia (1269-1276) and Carniola (1269-1276) also. HM George I's 13-Great Grandfather. In the painting,Přemysl Otakar II: The Union of Slavic Dynasties, part of Alfons Mucha's 20-canvas work The Slav Epic, Ottokar is depicted at his niece's wedding celebration, forging alliances with other Slavic rulers in attendance. This change of legal environment in Bohemia was introduced by systematic founding of villages chartered under this law. Ottocar II or Přemysl Ottocar II, c.1230–1278, king of Bohemia (1253–78), son and successor of Wenceslaus I. Ottocar shrewdly exploited the disorders of the great interregnum in the Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire, This compelled Přemysl Ottokar in November 1276 to sign a new treaty by which he gave up all claims to Austria and the neighboring duchies, retaining for himself only Bohemia and Moravia. In 1199, Ottokar divorced his wife Adelheid of Meissen,[7] a member of the Wettin dynasty, to marry Constance of Hungary, the young daughter of Hungarian King Béla III. The most important was his firstborn, Nicholas. In 1266 he occupied the Egerland, and in 1268 he signed an inheritance treaty with the Sponheim duke Ulrich III of Carinthia, succeeding him in Carinthia, Carniola and the Windic March the next year. With Ottokar's rule, the Přemyslids reached the peak of their power in the Holy Roman Empire. Since Vaclav II, elector of Bohemia, voted for him, the Upper Bavarian duke Ludwig II and the three archbishops supported him too, he was elected king Ottokar I of the HRE. Ottokar's son Wenceslaus was also betrothed to Conrad's daughter Judith. After several military struggles, he was recognized as ruler of Bohemia by Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI in 1192. [5] The youngest of them became his only legitimate son, Wenceslaus II. Ottokar II roi de Bohême 1230-1278. See all details. Přemysl: Date of birth: … Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Emperor Conrad III had made one of the most popular emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Přemyslid (Přemysl) of Bohemia (1209 - 16 October 1239), This page was last edited on 13 October 2020, at 14:09. Ottokar was the second son of King Wenceslaus I of Bohemia. He was, however, soon overthrown for joining a conspiracy of German princes to bring down the Hohenstaufen dynasty. His expectations of imperial crown, however, were never fulfilled. 1 He married, firstly, Jutta von Habsburg, daughter of Rudolf I von Habsburg, Roman King and Gertrud von Hohenberg, in 1285. The Jews were now eligible for various positions, such as servants of crown, thereby being somewhat less subject to discrimination. Feeling threatened by Ottokar's growing regional power beyond the Leitha River, his cousin King Béla IV of Hungary challenged the young king. However, his election bid was unsuccessful and Count William II of Holland, the German anti-king since 1247, was generally recognised. Pfemysl Otakar) was born about 1230, the second son of King Wenceslas I (1230-1253). Detailed information about the coin 1 Pfennig, Ottokar II of Bohemia, Duchy of Austria, with pictures and collection and swap management : mintage, descriptions, … $5.00. Mucha portrayed King Ottokar II of Bohemia, known as the 'Iron and Gold King', during the period of his greatest fame, when after his victory in the Battle of Kressenbrunn he strengthened his power and through marriage arrangements managed to secure peaceful relations with the Hungarian King Bela IV. Conrad controlled an empire, known as the Lusignan Empire. Free shipping. Conflict for the title of ownership to these fortified places built by members of nobility was probably the source of an uprising in 1276, which cost Ottokar the Austrian lands, and two years later (in an attempt for reconquest) his life. Through his mother, Kunigunde, daughter of Philip of Swabia, he was related to the Hohenstaufen dynasty of Holy Roman Emperors, which became extinct in the male line upon the execution of King Conradin of Sicilyin 1268. Přemysl Ottokar is considered one of the greatest kings of Bohemia, along with Charles IV. Ottokar followed with a systematic policy of strengthening his domains by building fortifications. With the help of the pope, she entered a convent. After the death of Konradin in 1268 he was an heir of the House of Hohenstaufen's claim to the imperial crown. The conflict was quelled through papal mediation: it was agreed that Ottokar was to yield large parts of Styria to Béla in exchange for recognition of his right to the remainder of Austria. Ottokar II Přemysl in a miniature from the Gelnhausen Codex. image of grave Upload media Wikipedia: Name in native language: Ottokar II. In the Divine Comedy by Dante, Ottokar is seen outside the gates of Purgatory, in amiable companionship with his imperial rival Rudolf. In 1275, king Ottokar lead the Empire against Hungary, defeated the new king and got Styria back for the HRE. [4] Béla now ceded Styria back to Ottokar, and his claim to those territories was formally recognized by Richard of Cornwall, then king of Germany and nominal ruler of all German lands. von Bismarck's 16-Great Grandfather. Thus, Ottokar can be reckoned an early Bohemian ruler who furthered legal equality in Medieval times. King Ottokar II of Bohemia improved fortifications and rebuilt the royal palace for the purposes of representation and housing. However, he was excommunicated by Pope Innocent IV, whereafter Wenceslaus finally managed to defeat the rebels and imprisoned his son at Přimda Castle.[1].