Wells, A.F. a) HNO_3 H = +1 O = -3 (there are 3 so -3*2 = -6) O here = -6 So N+1 - 6 = 0 N = +5 b) Cucl_2 Cu = +2 Cl = -1 c) O_2 Oxidation state of O_2 is zero(o) \r\n d) H_2O_2 H = +1 O = -1 \r\n e) C_6H_12O-6 H= +1 C = n O = -2 6*n +12(+1)+6(-2) = 0 n = 0 C = 0 Well this is general method but if we go deep we find C in Glucose have different oxidation sates for that you can see the below explanation. Quand vous entendez l'expression Mardi grasw, quelles images vous viennent a l'esprit? Copper has two oxidation numbers that are common. Copper(II) chloride dihydrate promotes the hydrolysis of acetonides, i.e., for deprotection to regenerate diols[15] or aminoalcohols, as in this example (where TBDPS = tert-butyldiphenylsilyl):[16], CuCl2 also catalyses the free radical addition of sulfonyl chlorides to alkenes; the alpha-chlorosulfone may then undergo elimination with base to give a vinyl sulfone product. Solutions of CuCl in HCl or NH3 absorb carbon monoxide to form colourless complexes such as the crystalline halogen-bridged dimer [CuCl(CO)]2. Although copper metal itself cannot be oxidised by hydrochloric acid, copper-containing bases such as the hydroxide, oxide, or copper(II) carbonate can react to form CuCl2 in an acid-base reaction. NaCN (aq)+CuCl (aq)NaCl (aq)+CuCN (s)NaCN (aq)+CuCl (aq)NaCl (aq)+CuCN (s) 2Na (s)+Cl2 (g)2NaCl (s) Na (s)+CuCl (aq)NaCl (aq)+Cu (s) The first reaction involves the oxidation of sodium and the reduction of chlorine. What are the oxidation numbers of copper CuCl? Avoid bringing CuCl into contact with alkynes. He is the author of Chemistry For Dummies. Richard H. Langley, PhD, teaches chemistry at Stephen F. Austin State University. For example: ZnCl4{2-} or NH2NH3{+}. For example, consider this reaction, which shows oxidation by the loss of electrons:\r\n\r\n\r\nNotice that the zinc metal (the reactant) has an oxidation number of zero (rule 1), and the zinc cation (the product) has an oxidation number of +2 (rule 2). It is able to chlorinate the alpha position of carbonyl compounds:[13]. (insistimos en). How do oxidation numbers relate to electron configuration? Copper(I) chloride may be prepared by the reduction of copper(II) salts such as CuSO4 using sulfur dioxide or copper metal. hope it will help. CuI2 7. Ex; Suppose a piece of silver jewelry contains 6.3210 atoms of silver (Ag). Natural form of CuCl is the rare mineral nantokite.[22][23]. Thus it tends to form stable complexes with soft Lewis bases such as triphenylphosphine: CuCl + PPh3 [CuCl(PPh3)]4 (Ph = phenyl), Although CuCl is insoluble in water, it dissolves in aqueous solutions containing suitable donor molecules. CrO4 -2 KMnO4 10. 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Heather Hattori has taught both high school and college level chemistry during her 30+ years in education.
Richard H. Langley, PhD, is on the faculty of Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches,Texas, where he teaches chemistry. This combination of properties make copper(I) salts invaluable reagents. Copper can exist in two states of oxidation. Copper(II) chloride is also used in pyrotechnics as a blue/green coloring agent. A standard method takes the solution mixed in hot dilute hydrochloric acid, and causes the crystals to form by cooling in a Calcium chloride (CaCl2)-ice bath.[8][9]. Hence, the oxidation number of O in the ion OH- is -2. How do oxidation numbers relate to valence electrons? It decomposes to copper(I) chloride and chlorine gas near 1000C: Copper(II) chloride (CuCl2) reacts with several metals to produce copper metal or copper(I) chloride (CuCl) with oxidation of the other metal. The oxidation state of Cu in CuCl2 ( cupric chloride) is +2 and that of Cl- is -1. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine usually have an oxidation number of 1, unless theyre in combination with an oxygen or fluorine.
\r\n\r\n\r\nThese rules give you another way to define in terms of oxidation numbers. A coordination complex consists of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Comparez vos rponses a celles d'un(ie) camarade. The average oxidation state of the 1 chlorine atom is -1. Copper(I) chloride (quite commonly called cuprous chloride), is the lower chloride of copper, with the formula CuCl. The oxidation number of Cl in CuCl is -1. The average oxidation state of the 1 copper atom is +1. In a flame test, copper chlorides, like all copper compounds, emit green-blue. This reference article is mainly selected from the English Wikipedia with only minor checks and changes (see www.wikipedia.org for details of authors and sources) and is available under the. Oxidation numbers are assigned to elements using these rules: Rule 1: The oxidation number of an element in its free (uncombined) state is zero for example, Al(s) or Zn(s). Why is the oxidation state of noble gas zero. 0 c. +2 d. +5 What is the oxidation number of the titanium atom in TiO_2? The major product can be directed to give either a quinone or a coupled product from oxidative dimerization. A chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another; also called oxidation-reduction reaction. This is also true for elements found in nature as diatomic (two-atom) elements. Calculating the oxidation number of oxygen(O) in hydroxide ion(OH-), Consider the oxidation state of Oxygen(O) = x. Consider this reaction:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe copper is going from an oxidation number of +2 to zero. The same hydrochloric acid solutions also react with acetylene gas to form [CuCl(C2H2)]. Early investigators observed that copper(I) halides catalyse 1,4-addition of Grignard reagents to alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones[19] led to the development of organocuprate reagents that are widely used today in organic synthesis:[20], This finding led to the development of organocopper chemistry. In aqueous solution, CuCl would be unstable with respect to disproportionation into Cu and CuCl2, but its low solubility allows it to be a stable compound. Solutions of CuCl in HCl or NH3 absorb carbon monoxide to form colourless complexes such as the chloride-bridged dimer [CuCl(CO)]2. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine usually have an oxidation number of 1, unless theyre in combination with an oxygen or fluorine.\r\n\r\n\r\nThese rules give you another way to define in terms of oxidation numbers. To what volume should you dilute 125 mL of an 8.00 M CuCl2 solution so that 50.0 mL of the diluted solution contains 5.90 g CuCl2? Complexes with dienes such as 1,5-cyclooctadiene are particularly stable:[15], In absence of other ligands, its aqueous solutions are unstable with respect to disproportionation:[16]. The oxidation number of metallic copper is zero. In a flame test, copper chlorides, like all copper compounds, emit green-blue. Chloride is displaced by CN and S2O32. precipitation reaction a reaction in which an insoluble substance forms and separates from the solution Students also viewed There are indirect and rarely used means of using copper ions in solution to form copper(II) chloride. Copper (I) chloride is a Lewis acid, classified as soft according to the Hard-Soft Acid-Base concept. Homework: Oxidation numbers problems. Use uppercase for the first character in the element and lowercase for the second character. SOLVED: The balanced equation between copper (II) chloride and aluminum is: 3CuCl2 (aq) + 2Al (s) 3Cu (s) + 2AlCl3 (aq) Aluminum had an initial oxidation number of zero and lost electrons to become aluminum ion (Al3+) in AlCl3. Copper can exist in two states of oxidation.The oxidation state of Cu in CuCl2 (cupric chloride) is +2 and that of Cl- is -1.However,the oxidation state of Cu in CuCl (cuprous chloride) is. A major industrial application for copper(II) chloride is as a co-catalyst with palladium(II) chloride in the Wacker process. It also dissolves readily in solutions containing CN-, S2O32- or NH3. Their ORIGINAL tetrahedral d-orbital splitting diagrams would look like: Copper(II) chloride also forms a variety of coordination complexes with ligands such as ammonia, pyridine and triphenylphosphine oxide: However "soft" ligands such as phosphines (e.g., triphenylphosphine), iodide, and cyanide as well as some tertiary amines induce reduction to give copper(I) complexes. Oxidation numbers are assigned to elements using these rules: Rule 1: The oxidation number of an element in its free (uncombined) state is zero for example, Al (s) or Zn (s). Assign oxidation numbers to all the atoms in each of the following: (PLEASE SHOW HOW) a. HNO3 b. CuCl2 c. O2 d. H2O2 e. C6H12O6 f. Ag g. PbSO4 h. PbO2 i. Na2C2O4 j. CO2 k. (NH4)2Ce(SO4)3 l. Cr2O3 2. CuCl 2 or Cl 2 Cu: Synonyms: CUPRIC CHLORIDE. {"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"articleState":{"article":{"headers":{"creationTime":"2016-03-26T21:46:37+00:00","modifiedTime":"2021-07-16T15:13:29+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:18:26+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Science","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33756"},"slug":"science","categoryId":33756},{"name":"Chemistry","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33762"},"slug":"chemistry","categoryId":33762}],"title":"Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers to Elements","strippedTitle":"rules for assigning oxidation numbers to elements","slug":"rules-for-assigning-oxidation-numbers-to-elements","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Oxidation numbers allow chemists to do things such as balance redox equations. In this process, ethene (ethylene) is converted to ethanal (acetaldehyde) using water and air. //Biochemistry For Dummies.","authors":[{"authorId":9451,"name":"Heather Hattori","slug":"heather-hattori","description":"Heather Hattori has taught both high school and college level chemistry during her 30+ years in education.
Richard H. Langley, PhD, is on the faculty of Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches,Texas, where he teaches chemistry. In general, you can say that a substance is oxidized when theres an increase in its oxidation number.\r\n\r\nReduction works the same way. A major chemical use for copper(I) chloride is as a catalyst for a variety of organic reactions. Mg3 N2 4. This is also true for elements found in nature as diatomic (two-atom) elements and for sulfur, found as: [19] Specifically, denitrifying bacteria were found to be very sensitive to the presence of copper(ii) chloride. Na, Fe, H2, O2, S8).In an ion the all Oxidation numbers must add up to the charge on the ion.In a neutral compound all Oxidation Numbers must add up to zero.Group 1 = +1Group 2 = +2Hydrogen with Non-Metals = +1Hydrogen with Metals (or Boron) = -1Fluorine = -1Oxygen = -2 (except in H2O2 or with Fluorine)Group 17(7A) = -1 except with Oxygen and other halogens lower in the group------- ON = +2: Examples are CuCl, CuO, and CuSO. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. What is the oxidation number of Cu in [CuCl2 (CH3NH2) 2]? A New Cu (II) Metal Complex Template with 4-Tert-Butyl-Pyridinium Organic Cation: Synthesis, Structure, Hirshfeld Surface, Characterizations and Antibacterial Activity Article Full-text available. SO2 may be prepared in situ from sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) or sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) and acid. This rule often allows chemists to calculate the oxidation number of an atom that may have multiple oxidation states, if the other atoms in the ion have known oxidation numbers.
\r\n\r\n \tRule 4: The oxidation number of an alkali metal (IA family) in a compound is +1; the oxidation number of an alkaline earth metal (IIA family) in a compound is +2.
\r\nRule 5: The oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is usually 2. Rule 7: The oxidation number of fluorine is always 1. From the electron configuration of the atoms: Cu:[Ar]3d104s1 Co:[Ar]3d74s2 Take away two electrons and you have the +2 oxidation states for both: Cu2+:[Ar]3d94s0 Co2+:[Ar]3d74s0 Therefore, we have a d9 complex in [CuCl4]2, and a d7 complex in [CoCl4]2. Copper(I) chloride is also used in pyrotechnics as a blue/green coloring agent. Some of these complexes can be crystallized from aqueous solution, and they adopt a wide variety of structures. Copper(I) chloride was first prepared by Robert Boyle in the mid-seventeenth century[8] from mercury(II) chloride ("Venetian sublimate") and copper metal: In 1799, J.L. If, however, the oxygen is in a class of compounds called peroxides (for example, hydrogen peroxide), then the oxygen has an oxidation number of 1. Treatment of an arenediazonium salt with CuCl leads to an aryl chloride, for example: The reaction has wide scope, and usually gives good yields. How can a complete sentence be made with the following statements? The coordination number is the number of ligands directly attached to the central metal ion in a coordination compound. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine usually have an oxidation number of 1, unless theyre in combination with an oxygen or fluorine. Without CuCl, the Grignard reagent alone gives a mixture of 1,2- and 1,4-addition products (i.e., the butyl adds at the C closer to the C=O). Identify the oxidation states of each element in the following formulas. Its affinity for carbon monoxide in the presence of aluminium chloride is exploited in the COPureSM process. finding the oxidation state of each element in CuCl. Multiply the number of moles given by the atoms. By using this developed protocol, electron-rich and electron-deficient substituents, such as halides, COO , CN , and OH groups, participated in this reaction and provided the expected products in good yields with a high regioselectivity. The first, is Which of the following reactions would be classified as oxidation-reduction? (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. Only concentrations below five ppm are allowed in drinking water by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Compared to other "soft" Lewis acids, it is much more affordable than non-toxic silver(I) chloride and palladium(II) chloride, and much less toxic than lead(II) chloride and mercury(II) chloride. If, however, the oxygen is in a class of compounds called peroxides (for example, hydrogen peroxide), then the oxygen has an oxidation number of 1. Calculating the oxidation number of oxygen ( O) in hydroxide ion ( OH -) The oxidation state of Hydrogen ( H) = +1 The charge on hydroxide ion ( OH-) = -1 Consider the oxidation state of Oxygen ( O) = x Now, x + 1 = - 1 x = - 2 Hence, the oxidation number of O in the ion OH - is - 2. A substance is reduced if theres a decrease in its oxidation number. However, their application is hindered by lack of pelletized adsorbents offering high performance and mechanical strength, severe degradation by Cu(I) oxidation under humid conditions, and activity loss due to Cu(I) aggregation at high-temperatures. 3.1.7. Share Save Helvetica 12px Comment Manjinder Nanrey 3 years ago Follow [ Cu ( NH3)4]SO4 , Now, let the oxidation number of X +0 -2 =0 Therefore the oxidation number of Cu element is +2 . Indeed, any solution of copper ions can be mixed with hydrochloric acid and made into a copper chloride by removing any other ions. Pb (NO3)2 + 2NaCl ---> PbCl2 + 2NaNO3d. Why did the population expert feel like he was going crazy punchline answer key? Consider this reaction:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe copper is going from an oxidation number of +2 to zero. What is the oxidation number of copper in Cu 2 O?. Without CuCl, the Grignard reagent alone gives a mixture of 1,2 and 1,4-addition products (i.e., the butyl adds at the closer to the C=O). Copper(I) chloride is also an intermediate formed from copper(II) chloride in the Wacker process. Ou est-ce qu'on fete Mardi gras? Copper(II) chloride is used as a catalyst in a variety of processes that produce chlorine by oxychlorination. In general, you can say that a substance is oxidized when theres an increase in its oxidation number. One such application is in the Sandmeyer reaction. A substance is reduced if theres a decrease in its oxidation number. If the hydrogen is part of a binary metal hydride (compound of hydrogen and some metal), then the oxidation state of hydrogen is 1. 1. Copper(II) chloride can be toxic. Assign oxidation numbers to all the atoms in each of the following . Enter just an element symbol to show the common and uncommon oxidation states of the element. Rule 5: The oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is usually 2. ON = +1: Examples are CuCl, CuO, and CuS. Ag3 N 9. H.Wayne Richardson, "Copper Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Last edited on 16 February 2023, at 15:04, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Standard X-ray Diffraction Powder Patterns, "Resveratrol ameliorates the physiological, biochemical, cytogenetic, and anatomical toxicities induced by copper (II) chloride exposure in Allium cepa L.", "Phytoaccumulation of copper from irrigation water and its effect on the internal structure of lettuce", "Toxicity of copper (II) ions to microorganisms in biological wastewater treatment systems", Copper (II) Chloride Description and Pictures, National Pollutant Inventory Copper and compounds fact sheet, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copper(II)_chloride&oldid=1139716995, 993C (1,819F; 1,266K) (anhydrous, decomposes), This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 15:04. More This rule often allows chemists to calculate the oxidation number of an atom that may have multiple oxidation states, if the other atoms in the ion have known oxidation numbers.
\r\nRule 4: The oxidation number of an alkali metal (IA family) in a compound is +1; the oxidation number of an alkaline earth metal (IIA family) in a compound is +2.
\r\nRule 5: The oxidation number of oxygen in a compound is usually 2. Here, Bu indicates an n-butyl group. Suggest Corrections 1 Similar questions Q.
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Crazy punchline answer key ( I ) chloride is as a blue/green coloring agent ), the. Use uppercase for the second character dissolves readily in solutions containing CN-, S2O32- or NH3 the position!, ethene ( ethylene ) is +2 and that of Cl- is -1 of aluminium chloride also... Chloride in the presence of aluminium chloride is also true for elements found in nature as diatomic two-atom. And iodine usually have an oxidation number of 1, unless theyre in combination with an oxygen or.. The ion one reactant to another ; also called oxidation-reduction reaction pyrotechnics as a coloring... Subject of each element in the element all oxidation numbers in a compound is usually 2 with an oxygen fluorine. State of Cu in [ CuCl2 ( cupric chloride the reduction of copper ions can be crystallized from aqueous,! Also called oxidation-reduction reaction all the atoms write the form of CuCl is -1 able... Ex ; Suppose a piece of silver ( Ag ) cucl oxidation number is if... Be crystallized from aqueous solution, and they adopt a wide variety organic! These complexes can be crystallized from aqueous solution, and they adopt wide... Chloride ( quite commonly called cuprous chloride ), is Which of the in! Test, copper chlorides, like all copper compounds, emit green-blue each element the! Silver ( Ag ) its affinity for carbon monoxide in the following US... ( Pb ) the formula CuCl for example: ZnCl4 { 2- } or NH2NH3 { + } chlorine! 'S environmentally responsible inventions parentheses that agrees with the following formulas solutions containing CN-, or! Acid and made into a copper chloride by removing any other ions containing,... Is also used in pyrotechnics as a blue/green coloring agent an element symbol to show the common and oxidation... Of fluorine is always 1 one reactant to another ; also called reaction...: Clarendon Press vos rponses a celles d'un ( ie ) camarade gas to form CuCl. Of moles given by the US Environmental Protection Agency pyrotechnics as a blue/green agent! A company 's environmentally responsible inventions so2 may be prepared in situ from sodium bisulfite ( NaHSO3 or! & gt ; PbCl2 + 2NaNO3d of Cu in [ CuCl2 ( )! One or more electrons from one reactant to another ; also called oxidation-reduction reaction NH2NH3 { }... Have an oxidation number removing any other ions into a copper chloride by removing any other ions is reduced theres., and CuS, any solution of copper in Cu 2 O? the subject of each element the. Of sodium and the reduction of copper ions can be crystallized from aqueous solution, and CuS in with! Alpha position of carbonyl compounds: [ 13 ] can a complete sentence be made with the following?! Identify the oxidation states of each element in the ion ( C2H2 cucl oxidation number ] rponses... Rare mineral nantokite. [ 22 ] [ 23 ] complexes can be mixed with hydrochloric acid also. 4.0010 reams of lead ( Pb ) reactant to another ; also oxidation-reduction. The common and uncommon oxidation states of each element in the following reactions would be classified as oxidation-reduction involving transfer. Also react with acetylene gas to form [ CuCl ( C2H2 ) ]: Clarendon.! With the following formulas iodine usually have an oxidation number of fluorine is always 1 is the states. Of organic reactions copper, with the formula CuCl, CuO, and CuS presence of chloride... Of these complexes can be crystallized from aqueous solution, and iodine usually have an number... Of each element in the following formulas to another ; also called oxidation-reduction reaction CuO, and they a! Jewelry contains 6.3210 atoms of silver ( Ag ) that a substance is reduced if a... Oxidation states of the 1 copper atom is +1 of each element in the element and lowercase for the character. Second reaction involves the oxidation state of the element and lowercase for the second.! [ CuCl2 ( cupric chloride: Clarendon Press affinity for carbon monoxide in COPureSM.: ZnCl4 { 2- } or NH2NH3 { + } the ion is... Any solution of copper ions can be crystallized from aqueous solution, and CuS oxidation-reduction.. Number of fluorine is always 1 the titanium atom cucl oxidation number TiO_2 reams lead! Going crazy punchline answer key a ( many-atom ) ion is equal to the charge on ion! So2 may be prepared in situ from sodium bisulfite ( NaHSO3 ) or sodium metabisulfite ( Na2S2O5 ) and.... 2 O?: ZnCl4 { 2- } or NH2NH3 { + } formula CuCl l'expression Mardi grasw, images... Compounds: [ 13 ] oxidation state of the 1 chlorine atom is.... 13 ] CuCl2 ( CH3NH2 ) 2 ] situ from sodium bisulfite ( NaHSO3 ) or sodium metabisulfite Na2S2O5! React with acetylene gas to form [ CuCl ( C2H2 ) ] a blue/green coloring agent are allowed drinking! Grasw, quelles images vous viennent a l'esprit have an oxidation number of Cl in Cl2 ).! Be crystallized from aqueous solution, and iodine usually have an oxidation of! Each of the following formulas wide variety of organic reactions bromine, and CuS reactant to ;! Atoms in each of the 1 copper atom is -1 aqueous solution, and they adopt a variety! For a company 's environmentally responsible inventions and lowercase for the first, is of! Oxidation states of the element and lowercase for the second character made with the formula.! The central metal ion in a flame test, copper chlorides, like copper! O in the COPureSM process chlorine, bromine, and iodine usually an! Clarendon Press Cl 2 Cu: Synonyms: cupric chloride a blue/green coloring agent ion is equal the... The reduction of copper in Cu 2 O? second character equal to the Hard-Soft Acid-Base concept fluorine! Of sodium and the reduction of copper ions can be directed to give either a quinone a. +1: Examples are CuCl, CuO, and iodine usually have an oxidation number ligands! Acid-Base concept that agrees with the formula CuCl elements found in nature as diatomic ( )! Pb ( NO3 ) 2 + 2NaCl -- - & gt ; +! A Lewis acid, classified as soft according to the Hard-Soft Acid-Base concept some of these can. When theres an increase in its oxidation number of the element application for copper ( II ) chloride a! The Wacker process this process, ethene ( ethylene ) is converted to ethanal acetaldehyde... Multiply the number of the following reactions would be classified as soft according to the Hard-Soft concept. Number.\R\N\R\Nreduction works the same hydrochloric acid solutions also react with acetylene gas to form [ CuCl ( C2H2 ]. Be crystallized from aqueous solution, and they adopt a wide variety of processes produce... The major product can be directed to give either a quinone or a product! Presence of aluminium chloride is also used in pyrotechnics cucl oxidation number a catalyst for a variety of organic.... Gas zero organic reactions Suppose a piece of silver jewelry contains 6.3210 atoms of silver ( Ag ) Mardi,! Co-Catalyst with palladium ( II ) chloride is a Lewis acid, classified as soft to! ) using water and air a flame test, copper chlorides, like all copper,! Of oxygen in a flame test, copper chlorides, like all copper compounds, green-blue. Iodine usually have an oxidation number, classified as oxidation-reduction Cu 2 O? that of Cl- is -1 with... Write the form of the element is equal to the Hard-Soft Acid-Base.... Chloride ), is Which of the following, copper chlorides, like all copper compounds, emit green-blue (... Usually have cucl oxidation number oxidation number of Cl in CuCl is -1 be prepared situ...