Elizabeth Throckmorton. The relationship between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. In 1512, an Act of Parliament restored to Margaret the Earldom of Salisbury and some of her brother's land which had belonged to it, for which she paid 5000 marks (2666.13s.4d), equivalent to 2,164,602 in 2021. 3. But Margaret kept any dissident thoughts to herself, avoiding jeopardy until, in the summer of 1536, the actions of her son Reginald plunged her whole family into trouble. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. This discovery resulted in removal of Mores books and writing materials. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . In 1529, he represented Henry VIII in Paris, persuading the theologians of the Sorbonne to support Henry's divorce from Catherine of Aragon. He died young (about 1526) having married the heir of Roger Lewknor. He answered their queries as best he could, assuring them of his loyalty to king and state and stressing the matter of his personal conscience. It took many blows to finally kill her and this botched execution was itself remembered and, for some, considered a sign of martyrdom. Henry VIIIs later statements to the contrary, his marriage to Katharine began happily and continued so for some years. Margaret was 14, and probably remained at court rather than living with her husband. Mores wife had been like most women of her time ill-educated, and during their brief marriage, he taught her Latin and other subjects. Link will appear as Hanson, Marilee. In total, Margaret and Richard Pole had five children together: Henry, Arthur, Ursula, Reginald and Geoffrey. Mores letters indicate that he was not particularly keen to enter royal service. He waited five days before being summoned to the scaffold on Tower Hill. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. The barrel, though, may have been strung on Margaret after her death. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. His natural piety was at odds with other courtiers, all of whom jockeyed ceaselessly for the kings favor. https://www.thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618 (accessed March 1, 2023). Read anywhere with the London Review of Books app, available now from the App Store for Apple devices, Google Play for Android devices and Amazon for your Kindle Fire. A Professional theme for architects, construction and interior designers Answer (1 of 6): Anne Boleyn's death would have been instant and painless - to the extent that we can guess, anyway. And her gender did not necessarily disqualify her from becoming leader of the opposition if that was what she chose. If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. Ironically, it was his own honesty and probity which ensured his continued service to Henry. When he later built his Great House in Chelsea, its rooms were specifically designed to encourage quiet study and prayer. Its influence upon William Shakespeares Richard III is immense. This was not due to any dislike of the king. Margaret's third son, Reginald Pole, studied abroad in Padua. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. 3.67. Perhaps his earlier justification for the annulment had been a matter of self-interest, a selective interpretation of opaque text. It is only in posteritys schoolroom view that Bosworth was the end of the Middle Ages or the end of anything; the noble families didnt think their wars were over, and indeed they were not, because in 1487 the new king was defending his throne at the Battle of Stoke. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. Margaret was superfluous; curtly, Henry wrote her off as a fool. Margaret would have been too young to remember her mother, and it is likely that she was brought up within her fathers princely household, then after his execution lived with her cousins, the many daughters of Edward IV. His eldest daughter Margaret married the lawyer William Roper in 1521, and More continued his practice of prayer and supervision of learning at his home. You may not of heard of Margaret Pole so I will fill you in because her death was quite brutal and makes an interesting read, (if you like the darker side of the Tudors). She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. Six months later, Cromwell produced a tunic marked with the wounds of Christ, claiming it had been found in that search, and used that to arrest Margaret, though most doubt that. In 1541, Margaret was executed, protesting that she had not taken part in any conspiracy and proclaiming her innocence. But Reginald stayed in Italy through the reign of Anne Boleyn supposedly preparing a learned statement on the kings case. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. They were preventing her marriage to the king. He was a half-cousin of the first Tudor king, Henry VII; Richard Poles mother was a half-sister of, Reginald Pole, a cardinal and papal diplomat, last Roman Catholic Archbishop of Canterbury, Geoffrey Pole, who went into exile in Europe when accused of conspiracy by Henry VIII. The most persistent of the pretenders who plagued Henry was Peter Warbeck (baptised Perkin by the regime to make him sound silly), who claimed to be Richard of York, the younger of the vanished princes. The trial of Sir Thomas More for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535. These are not consistent; and ifas he claimed at one pointPole rejected the Divorce in 1526 and refused the Oath of Supremacy in 1531, he received benefits from Henry for a course of action for which others were sentenced to death. Higginbothams narrative begins with this bungled beheading so either the jacket designer was in the dark about the contents, or someone at her publisher has a mordant sense of humour. She served later as a governess to Mary. But and of course this clause was added simply to trap More the Act also required a repudiation of any foreign authority, prince or potentate. More could recognize Anne as the crowned queen of England. It mattered to London shopkeepers, and to great churchmen. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. The date of the marriage is uncertain; 1487 is likely. Jone Johnson Lewis is a women's history writer who has been involved with the women's movement since the late 1960s. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. This More was fully prepared to do. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. She was later regarded by Catholics as such and was beatified on 29 December 1886 by Pope Leo XIII. She was more likely arrested simply because of her maternal connection to Henry and Reginald, her sons, and perhaps the symbolism of her family heritage, the last of the Plantagenets. Reginald was present at the treaty negotiations. He could now only write to his wife and favorite daughter Margaret with a piece of coal or burnt stick on scraps of paper. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. The popular image is of a man principled, steadfast, courageous who placed his own conscience above his kings demands. Her mother was one of the greatest heiresses of her time while her father was the younger brother of King Edward IV of England. Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. Nevertheless, she was taken from her cell to the place within the precincts of the Tower of London where a low wooden block had been prepared instead of the customary scaffold.[5]. The little Earl of Warwick remained alive and shut away. Get the best results here. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. The new memorial that has been erected in front of the Chapel of St. Peter ad Vincula on Tower Green marks the spot 'identified' in the Victorian period as being the . How to Be Tudor: Can a King Have Friends. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. She was a patron of the New Learning, like many Renaissance noblewomen; Gentian Hervet had translated Erasmus' de immensa misericordia Dei (The Great Mercy of God) into English for her. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIII's tyranny. It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . He grew up cultivated and cosmopolitan, sensitive, lively-minded. But not your principles. He needed to convince the Spanish he was secure in his kingdom. In 1487, an imposter, Lambert Simmel, pretended to be her brother Edward, and was used to try to gather a rebellion against Henry VII. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. Intellectuals from England and Europe visited; More was a generous and kind host. She would have been a widow when the portrait was painted, but she holds a sprig of honeysuckle, symbol of love and marriage. Montagu, Exeter, and Margaret were arrested in November 1538. Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. He was no fool; he noted Wolseys great and increasingly ostentatious wealth. Warwick Mores eldest daughter Margaret would become the first non-royal Englishwoman to publish a work in translation. And More determined that their daughters would receive the same education as their son. When that daughters father-in-law was executed by Henry VIII, the Pole family fell out of favor briefly, but regained favor. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. May 28, 2015. In 1499, Margarets brother Edward apparently tried to escape from the Tower of London to take part in the plot of Perkin Warbeck who claimed to be their cousin, Richard, one of the sons of Edward IV who had been taken to the Tower of London under Richard III and whose fate was not clear. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. More was a well-born academic and a sincere and committed Roman Catholic. Margaret's loyalty was to Katherine of Aragon and to her daughter Princess Mary to whom she was governess and godmother. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. The king added that his lack of a legitimate son was clear proof of Gods displeasure. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. Henry needed a son and heir. [4] After her husband's death, Margaret had such inadequate means to support herself and her children that she was forced to live at Syon Abbey as the guest of the Bridgettine nuns. Annes personal religious feeling was unimportant. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. Even special physicians summoned from Spain could not help the queen to conceive again. The governors of Lincoln admired him enough to appoint him lecturer on law for three consecutive years. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. Lewis, Jone Johnson. It did not matter. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. As part of the investigations into the so-called Exeter Conspiracy, Geoffrey Pole was arrested in August 1538. Thomas More was living in his home called The Barge at Bucklersbury, off the east end of Cheapside about 500 yards north of the Thames. Robert Bolt, A Man for All Seasons: A Play in Two Acts. In 1504, More was elected to Parliament and one of his first acts was to oppose Henry VIIs request of a grant of three-fifteenths. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. Bishop of Rochester, and Sir Thomas More, once Chancellor of England and a close royal friend, had both . Richard III sent the children to Sheriff Hutton Castle in Yorkshire. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. The king financed Richards funeral. She is a former faculty member of the Humanist Institute. Both Sir Thomas More and Margaret Pole were devout Catholics, dedicated to their faith and their country. Wolsey was destined to die for his failure to secure the annulment. A pearl necklace is just a shadow now. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." She is the daughter of a duke and the niece of two kings, Edward IV and Richard III. Margaret Pole, fdd 14 augusti 1473 i Bath, Somerset, England, dd 27 maj 1541 i London, England, grevinna av Salisbury, var en engelsk hovfunktionr. His naivety meant that, when threats to the regime mounted, he was easily entrapped. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". The next year, when her sons were mixed up with Buckingham, she was removed from that appointment, but later restored to it by 1525. To help with her financial situation, she gave one of her sons, Reginald, to the church. He married Anne Neville, a younger sister of Margaret's mother, Isabel. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. If my head should win him a castle in France, he told his son-in-law in 1525, it should not fail to go.). Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. Margaret Pole, or Margaret Plantagenet, was the daughter of the Duke of Clarence, brother of two Plantagenet kings: Edward IV and Richard III, and his wife Lady Isabella Neville, daughter of "Warwick the Kingmaker". Name: Thomas More. The main character is Joanna Stafford, a Dominican novice. Two days later, a four-count indictment charging More with treason was presented to the commission. Born 14 August 1473, Margaret was one of the few Plantagenets who had survived the Wars of the Roses She was the mother of . He was first appointed a Privy Councilor and accompanied Wolsey to an important diplomatic mission to Europe. A third account in Burke's Peerage, possibly apocryphal, described the appalling circumstances of the execution. In theory, after she married, a womans personal property and real estate were at her husbands disposal. When Arthur married Catherine of Aragon, she became a lady-in-waiting to the princess. Henry accepted Mores resignation. Reginald also urged the princes of Europe to depose Henry immediately. This phrase has been interpreted as meaning Edward was of low intelligence; it only means that he was unworldly, and Higginbotham sees this. His lands and titles were thereby forfeited. That was clear to Cromwell almost from the first, and perhaps to More, too. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". She was executed in 1541, the act of attainder rendering a trial unnecessary. Pierces book is thorough and scholarly, and her work is acknowledged in Higginbothams biography, which is less detailed, but serious and judicious. But polite prevarications only worked for so long and soon More was a genuine courtier, with all its attendant duties and benefits. The next year, the late king's marriage was declared invalid by the statute Titulus Regius of 1484, making his children illegitimate. His choice was Jane Colt, the eldest daughter of a gentleman farmer. Her first son, Henry Pole, was created Baron Montagu, another of the Neville titles, speaking for the family in the House of Lords. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. There, she was surrounded by connections of the Boleyn queen. She spent much of her time at Warblington, where she was nicely placed, in the event of an invasion, to help the rebels against Henry; or so you thought, if you were one of Henrys councillors. On the scaffold, Margaret prayed for the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as illegitimate. He was Dean of Exeter and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, as well as a canon of York. More importantly, he developed a personal relationship with Henry VIII, and because known as the kings intellectual courtier. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. Managed all schedules for company and . The boy, born in 1519, was welcome proof to Henry that he could father a son and that his lack of an heir was entirely Katharines fault. Margarets whole family had been elevated with her on the wheel of fortune. But in late June she was back at court by the side of Queen Jane, and the king was looking forward to an era of peace and fertility. Despite such evidence of royal favor, it is likely that More chafed at his service to the king. Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? Thomas More and Catherine herself were wise enough to steer clear of the nun. "Pole, Margaret Plantagenet, Bl." It is no exaggeration to state that its publication ensured More a stature that no other Englishman of his time enjoyed. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. geralmente . It should be noted that Mores affinity for the monastic life never left him, despite his later marriages, family, and career. The Tower's professional executioner was away, so a young novice was given the job. The skeleton was not complete, but part of the skull had survived, and certain other bones. I don't think Henry had quite the chummy relationship with Sir Thomas More that was depicted in "The Tudors" or even in "A Man for All Seasons." The story goes that when More was executed, Henry rose scowling from a game of cards with Anne Boleyn and barked at her "You are the cause of his death!" If the great Sir Thomas More believed the kings marriage to be unlawful, why, it must be so! Sir Thomas de la Pole was born circa 1378. Reginald was the most interesting and talented of Margarets children, and the one to whom she was not close. He sent envoys. Pole and his hagiographers gave several later accounts of Pole's activities after Henry met Anne Boleyn. Seven years after the strange liquid death of Margarets father, her uncle Richard III was defeated at Bosworth by Henry Tudor. That was the beginning of Thomas Mores public career, and it was a telling one. But for now he was out of Henrys reach, leaving his family as hostages. On 1 July 1535, he was indicted on high treason. Hilary Mantel. Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. It is meant to contrast with the reality of European rule, divided by ideologies and greed and self-interest. He never explicitly courted controversy, but he felt compelled to answer the reformers such as William Tyndale. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. It was a housekeeping matter, the French ambassador said; Henry, now with his fifth wife, Katherine Howard, wanted to make a progress north, and to empty the Tower before he set off, either by acts of mercy or the condemnation of detainees. His decision to become a lay Christian now made, More quickly married. But Reginald Pole refused to do so, leaving for Europe in 1532. He lived in relative poverty, for he held no office and relied solely upon the hundred pounds per annum he collected from a property rental. He had a true gift for friendship and inspired deep loyalty amongst his family and friends. Her father, already Duke of Clarence, was then created Earl of Salisbury and of Warwick. In June 1535, after he had been imprisoned for over a year, Cromwells servant, Richard Rich, now solicitor general, stated that he had spoken with More and More had denied Parliaments power to make Henry head of the church. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. Thomas More worked hard for the king. Princess Mary But in 1520 Margaret was clearly in favor with the King and Queen when she was appointed governess of the Princess Mary. But that was years in the future. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. She was by necessity hostile to the Catholic church. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. This is Aalto. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. Between Mary and Lady Salisbury was very close than living with her on the 14th August,! Sir Thomas More for treason opened in Westminster Hall on July 1, 1535 on... Chafed at his service to the Earldom of Salisbury well as a fool this not! More ( 1478-1535 ), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by Catholics as the queen... Married Anne Neville, a man principled, steadfast, courageous who placed his own honesty and probity which his. 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