Rinderpest is a highly contagious, viral, mucosal disease that infects all cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle and wildebeest. Last full review/revision Apr 2020 | Content last modified Apr 2020. 0000287243 00000 n The classical form of rinderpest is one of the most lethal diseases of cattle, and can have a catastrophic effect in naïve herds. startxref On March 3rdit reached Bulawayo, where Gray made a … Rinderpest, an acute, highly contagious viral disease of ruminant animals, primarily cattle, that was once common in Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and the Middle East. Rinderpest was an acute infectious, highly contagious and often fatal viral disease of cattle and many other species of even-toed ungulates, including buffaloes, large antelope, deer, yaks, giraffes, wildebeests, and warthogs. Rinderpest – also known as cattle plague – was a disease caused by the rinderpest virus which primarily infected cattle and buffalo. 0000302429 00000 n 0000298988 00000 n The causative agent is a virus of the genus Morbillivirus, family Paramyxoviridae. 0000205293 00000 n In the 10-year period between occurrence of the last outbreak and the official declaration of eradication, active rinderpest surveillance in recent endemic areas included the testing of all susceptible cloven-hoofed animals presenting with erosive stomatitis. Rinderpest is a highly contagious, viral, mucosal disease that infects all cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle and wildebeest. trailer In areas where rinderpest was uncommon or absent, laboratory tests had to be used to differentiate it from bovine viral diarrhea in particular, as well as East Coast fever, foot-and-mouth disease, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and malignant catarrhal fever. Rinderpest was the first animal disease to be globally eradicated. In the post-eradication era, testing for rinderpest, preferably using molecular methods, should be considered when an etiologic agent cannot be determined for an infectious disease with characteristic signs of rinderpest. 0000295311 00000 n 0000265595 00000 n That’s because rinderpest is an epizootic, an animal disease. 0000003266 00000 n However, a single serotype of the virus existed, and a vaccine prepared from any strain could protect against all strains. In epidemic form, it was the most lethal plague known in cattle. It can cause illness in cloven-hooved (two-toed) animals, particularly cattle and buffalo. The rinderpest virus is responsible for one of the worst catastrophes in history. 0000236108 00000 n The infection was probably introduced from Arabia or India. Rinderpest Rinderpest or cattle plague is a significant viral disease of cattle. Which one of the following clostridial diseases results in intravascular hemolysis, hemolytic anemia, and hemoglobinuria in cattle? In June, The Pirbright Institute (UK) announced that it had destroyed its final archived stocks of rinderpest, the devastating viral disease of cattle that was declared eradicated in 2011. It wiped out a third of Ethiopia’s population. Cattle plague, steppe murrain, contagious bovine typhus, rinderpest virus (RPV) Description. In these areas, outbreaks were controlled by quarantine and “ring vaccination” and sometimes by slaughtering. X��cChhXZ��+30�02j3h2�.��Н�΢8Ip"�����DX^8�a�b�a�ˠ~HC�#�v���%�!LǶw62. 0000007787 00000 n — Joining in today’s United Nations celebration of the world’s second eradicated disease are three Tufts University researchers whose pioneering work allowed a rinderpest vaccine to traverse the Sahara in the world’s most remote areas and save cattle from the disease. The rinderpest outbreak of the late 19 th century was one of the most devastating plagues in African history – it killed 90% of Southern and East Africa’s cattle and the subsequent starvation killed as many people as the Black Death. 0000033252 00000 n 0000236349 00000 n 0000026954 00000 n The lessons learned from this huge success will be instrumental in the fight against peste des petits ruminants. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Ann Tutwiler, FAO deputy director, said in the statement that eradicating rinderpest has been one of the FAO's top priorities. 0 Although a very effective vaccine is available, it is heat labile, and logistical and financial pr … https://www.oie.int/for-the-media/rinderpest/what-is-rinderpest 0000146312 00000 n Nature of the disease: Rinderpest is an acute, highly contagious disease of cattle caused by a Morbillivirus. Cattle Disease: Type # 18. 0000016849 00000 n 62 73 © 2020 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA), © 2021 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA, Rinderpest, necrosis and fibronecrotic exudate, Rinderpest: the Veterinary Perspective on Eradication, Bovine Viral Diarrhea and Mucosal Disease Complex. Rinderpest or cattle plague is a significant viral disease of cattle. Acute febrile disease with morbidity and mortality reaching almost 100% in susceptible populations (cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo, pigs, some wild animals) T/F: Rinderpest affects a very large range of species and has a wildlife reservoir 0000236015 00000 n Because it was such a scourge and re-emergence remains a possibility, it is vital to maintain current information. A list of different types of diseases are described below. Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals (mainly cattle and buffalo). 0000110721 00000 n Rinderpest definition is - an acute infectious disease of ruminant mammals (such as cattle) that is caused by a morbillivirus (species Rinderpest morbillivirus) and that is marked by fever, diarrhea, and inflammation of mucous membranes and by high mortality in epidemics. 0000287677 00000 n 0000027326 00000 n Classification: OIE List A disease : Susceptible species: Cattle and buffaloes are highly susceptible. This disease strikes cattle and other species with cloven hooves, including wildebeests, pigs, deer, antelope, and yaks. <<598E7155F914C546A325C2639E9EB7F8>]>> After an incubation period of 3–15 days, fever, anorexia, depression, and oculonasal discharges developed, followed by necrotic lesions on the gums, buccal mucosa, and tongue. RINDERPEST (CATTLE PLAGUE) Although rinderpest has periodically invaded Egypt in the past, the disease was not known in southern Africa before 1896. 0000037697 00000 n Rinderpest is a contagious and often fatal cattle disease that has decimated Africa's cattle population at various times throughout history. 0000319634 00000 n Histologic lesions included lymphoid and epithelial necrosis with viral-induced syncytia, and intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions were often seen. 0000002375 00000 n Viral Diseases Food and mouth disease Rinderpest disease Rabies disease Goat pox disease There are many species of wild and domestic ungulates, including sheep … 0000203210 00000 n The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) announced on 14 October in Rome that a 16-year eradication effort has succeeded and fieldwork has ended. 0000292729 00000 n All wild and domesticated species of the order Artiodactyla were variably susceptible to rinderpest, although dissemination of the virus largely depended on continual transmission among domesticated cattle, buffalo, and yaks. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: 0000027511 00000 n Rinderpest is a viral disease that infects cattle, wildebeest, and other hoofed animals. WHAT IS RINDERPEST? 0000012276 00000 n Rinderpest is an acute to subacute contagious viral disease of large ruminants of the order Artiodactyla that can cause morbidity and mortality rates in excess of ninety per cent, though inapparent infections also occur. African humpless cattle, such as the Ankole in East Africa, were notoriously susceptible in comparison to East African zebus. Its use in the park, since 2011, symbolises the global eradication of rinderpest— a lethal viral disease that wiped herds of cattle, leaving pastoralist communities languishing in poverty. The cattle get affected by various types of viral, bacterial, parasitic and protozoan diseases. Lymph nodes could be enlarged and edematous, with white necrotic foci in the Peyer’s patches. 0000294693 00000 n 0000286987 00000 n The hard and soft palates were often affected. Rinderpest is only the second infection to be eradicated from the wild. Rinderpest is a highly contagious viral disease of livestock. The first recorded outbreak was in 376 AD in Europe and details of outbreaks in Europe and Asia since the 18th century have been well-documented, such was the scale of destruction. Convalescence was prolonged and could be complicated by concurrent infections due to immunosuppression. The role of fomites in transmission was negligible, because the virus is fragile, being inactivated within 12 hours of exposure to atmospheric heat and light. D ysentery: Caused by inflammation of intestine due to viral, protozoan, bacterial infections. Nature of the disease: Rinderpest is an acute, highly contagious disease of cattle caused by a Morbillivirus. Exotic and hill … Animal Science Rinderpest, an infectious disease that has decimated cattle and devastated their keepers for millennia, is gone. 1 Infected animals suffered from symptoms such as fever, wounds in the mouth, diarrhea, discharge from the nose and eyes, and eventually death. 0000298728 00000 n A simple lateral flow pen-side test for field use also proved useful in the final stages of the eradication campaign. 0000042999 00000 n 0000025699 00000 n 0000319096 00000 n 0000299356 00000 n 0000235134 00000 n 1 Infected animals suffered from symptoms such as fever, wounds in the mouth, diarrhea, discharge from the nose and eyes, and eventually death. 0000236204 00000 n There was no carrier state, and recovered animals acquired lifelong immunity. 0000235235 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n In its acute form it is characterised by inflammation and necrosis of mucous membranes and a very high mortality rate. 0000265340 00000 n 0000235880 00000 n Thereafter, the two organizations (FAO and OIE) were major participants in several worldwide campaigns to combat rinderpest, which culminated in global eradication of the disease in 2011. 0000235624 00000 n Therefore, in the rare event that the etiology of a cattle disease presenting as erosive stomatitis and diarrhea cannot be established, rinderpest could be considered and appropriate laboratory diagnostic methods applied. It is spread by direct contact and commonly causes death in infected animals. 0000302355 00000 n Animal … Cattle and buffalloshowed the most severe clinical signs of Rinderpest Virus. 0000296789 00000 n Before the rinderpest, this area was hardly developed at all. An acute viral, highly contagious and fatal disease of cattle, buffaloes and other ruminants. Strains of varying virulence for cattle occurred and could be differentiated genetically. Rinderpest was the most severe infectious disease of cattle and was characterized by its sudden development and high mortality. before the rinderpest Long ago. If the cattle house become dampy and dirty then the cattle get affected by diseases easily. 0000033065 00000 n Rinderpest is only the second viral disease, after smallpox, to have been successfully eradicated worldwide. 0000002064 00000 n There are many species of wild and domestic ungulates, including sheep and goats, which have milder symptoms of the disease. In the post-eradication era, testing for rinderpest, preferably using molecular methods, should be considered when an etiologic agent cannot be determined for an infectious disease with characteristic signs of rinderpest. The 1887-1892 Great Ethiopian Famine occurred when almost all of the cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats and wildlife species died from this disease (Morens, D. M., et al., 2011). 0000235359 00000 n Rinderpest virus belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, subfamily Paramyxovirinae, and genus Morbillivirus. The oculonasal discharge became mucopurulent, and the muzzle appeared dry and cracked. 0000235162 00000 n Viral Diseases Food and mouth disease Rinderpest disease Rabies disease Goat pox disease PPR (Pests des petits ruminants) Bacterial Diseases: Calf scour Calf pneumonia Black quarter disease Anthrax disease Its agricultural, and social, importance has been already described in the historical perspectives section of this article. The cattle get affected by various types of viral, bacterial, parasitic and protozoan diseases. 0000297131 00000 n Rinderpest was a devastating affliction of livestock and wildlife, and for centuries it was a major threat to food production The Merck Veterinary Manual was first published in 1955 as a service to the community. In epidemics, the disease was best eliminated by imposing quarantine and by slaughtering affected and exposed animals. It is caused by a morbillivirus closely related to human measles virus. Severe lacrimation (tearing) and salivation occurs, eventually turning purulent and possibly blood-stained. Historically, rinderpest virus was a scourge that wrought economic havoc throughout Africa, Asia, and Europe. A list of different types of diseases are described below. Rinderpest is a highly contagious viral disease affecting several species of wild and domestic split-hoofed animals, notably cattle and buffalo. Please confirm that you are a health care professional. In fact, the last reported rinderpest outbreak occurred in Kenya in 2001, but a 10-year active surveillance period was necessary before global eradication could be declared. 0000031866 00000 n 62 0 obj <> endobj 0000235962 00000 n Rinderpest virus infects cattle with an 80-90% mortality rate ANCHOR and symptoms include fever, discharge from nose and eyes, ulceration, diarrhoea and dehydration. Besides cattle, it also seriously affected water buffalo, giraffes, some types of antelopes and wild pigs, and other cloven-hoofed ruminants. The disease can be confounded clinically with a number of globally endemic cattle diseases. 0000319518 00000 n GRAFTON, Mass. The lesions also occur in the intestine, leading to acute diarrhea and dysentery. An outbreak of rinderpest in 1890 caused the death of millions of cattle and was responsible for the starvation of about a third of the human population of Ethiopia and Tanzania respectively. The need to combat rinderpest provided the impetus for the establishment of the first modern veterinary school in Lyon (France) in 1762. 0000032659 00000 n See Rinderpest: the Veterinary Perspective on Eradication. During an outbreak in the 1890s, it killed between 80% and 90% of cattle in eastern and southern Africa. European breeds of pig underwent subclini… We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. 0000301454 00000 n Acute febrile disease with morbidity and mortality reaching almost 100% in susceptible populations (cattle, sheep, goats, water buffalo, pigs, some wild animals) T/F: Rinderpest affects a very large range of species and has a wildlife reservoir 0000041581 00000 n 0000319452 00000 n %PDF-1.4 %���� Clinical and pathologic findings were sufficient for diagnosis of rinderpest in endemic areas and after initial laboratory confirmation of an outbreak. WHAT IS RINDERPEST? That’s because rinderpest is an epizootic, an animal disease. Sheep, goats and Asiatic pigs were also susceptible and may develop clinical disease. Anaerobic clostridial bacteria release toxins that can cause severe localized and systemic disease, many of which can be fatal if untreated. 0000293318 00000 n Rinderpest was a disease of cloven-hoofed animals characterized by fever, necrotic stomatitis, gastroenteritis, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. Morbidity was often 100% and mortality was up to 90% in epidemic areas, but in endemic areas morbidity was low and clinical signs were often mild. May 25, 2011 May 25, 2011 (CIDRAP News) – Animal health delegates meeting in Paris today declared that rinderpest, a highly contagious disease in cattle and other animals, is eradicated, marking the first time humans have snuffed out an animal disease in the wild. Rinderpest: Known as cattle plague. Rinderpest virus is biologically similar to the virus of peste des petits ruminants, which has been targeted by the OIE and FAO as the next animal disease for global eradication. It can cause illness in cloven-hooved (two-toed) animals, particularly cattle and buffalo. Most European cattle breeds (Bos taurus) were more susceptible than Bos indicus breeds. Many species, including sheep and goats, can show milder clinical signs of the disease when infected, but the mortality rate can reach up to 100 per cent in highly susceptible cattle or buffalo herds. In its acute form it is characterised by inflammation and necrosis of mucous membranes and a very high mortality rate. xref After the creation of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations in 1946, the OIE and FAO signed a cooperation agreement in 1952. Rinderpest was a viral disease of cattle and other ruminants (domestic and wild) characterized by fever, erosive stomatitis, diarrhea, and high morbidity and mortality. 0000001756 00000 n In the past, it had terrible consequences on food security and livelihoods, particularly in developing countries, where rinderpest was responsible for … Primarily heard in South Africa. The RT-PCR technique allowed phylogenetic characterization of the virus and helped trace the origin of strains in new outbreaks. Rinderpest Also known as. Due to efforts of the Global Rinderpest Eradication Program, the disease is believed to be nearly eradicated. 0000003193 00000 n 0000144863 00000 n Virus isolation and detection of specific viral antigens in affected tissues using an immunodiffusion test was the standard, but simpler, more rapid and more discriminating tests, such as antigen-capture ELISA and reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), were favored toward the end of the eradication campaign. Although global freedom from rinderpest was declared in 2011, the risk of re-emergence exists because of rinderpest-containing materials held in a number of facilities around the world. 0000026114 00000 n 134 0 obj <>stream An outbreak of rinderpest in 1890 caused the death of millions of cattle and was responsible for the starvation of about a third of the human population of Ethiopia and Tanzania respectively. The decision raises the question once again of what to do with the remaining stocks of the first eradicated virus—smallpox. Active immunity to rinderpest was lifelong, whereas maternal immunity lasted 6–11 months. The disease had affected cattle and wildlife in the Serengeti region for decades. verify here. Due to efforts of the Global Rinderpest Eradication Program, the disease is believed to be nearly eradicated. Classification: OIE List A disease : Susceptible species: Cattle and buffaloes are highly susceptible. Rinderpest is a highly contagious disease that had been known since humans initiated the domestication of livestock. x�b``pe`�f```��ʀ The legacy of this great resource continues as the Merck Veterinary Manual in the US and Canada and the MSD Manual outside of North America. It wiped out a third of Ethiopia’s population. 0000292463 00000 n The disease is characterized by necrosis and erosions in the gastrointestinal tract that result in severe diarrhoea and dehydration. Rinderpest S l i d e 1 Rinderpest Cattle Plague Rinderpest is a contagious disease of cattle, sheep, and goats that has also been called cattle plague. 0000112239 00000 n The virus also infected goats and sheep, leading to underdiagnosis of the clinically similar peste des petits ruminants in regions where the two diseases coexisted. 0000002232 00000 n Though the disease never gained a foothold in the Americas, Australia, or New Zealand, veterinary experts worried about rinderpest's spread to the areas, because the regions' cattle herds are naïve to the virus. The successful eradication of rinderpest shows that smallpox eradication in 1980 was not an unrepeatable feat and should provide a certain degree of confidence to the international community that concerted, science-based efforts can result in future successes. 0000302243 00000 n Gross pathologic lesions occurred throughout the GI and upper respiratory tracts, either as areas of necrosis and erosion, or congestion and hemorrhage, the latter creating classic “zebra-striping” in the rectum. There was also variation in susceptibility to clinical disease between breeds, especially cattle. 0000021174 00000 n According to Lugard (1893) the plague was introduced along the East Coast of Africa, opposite Aden, in 1889. It is recommended that post-eradication laboratory diagnosis of rinderpest focus on molecular techniques (such as RT-PCR), which are not only accurate but also allow for phylogenetic analysis to pinpoint the source of any re-emerging virus strain. Rinderpest virus is a Morbillivirus, closely related to the viruses causing peste des petits ruminants, canine distemper, and measles. 0000319417 00000 n Rinderpest is a highly contagious viral disease of livestock. Diarrhea, the final clinical sign, could be watery and bloody. 0000003001 00000 n Rinderpest was a viral disease of cattle and other ruminants (domestic and wild) characterized by fever, erosive stomatitis, diarrhea, and high morbidity and mortality. The causative agent is a virus of the genus Morbillivirus, family Paramyxoviridae. It is spread by direct contact and commonly causes death in infected animals. Rinderpest – also known as cattle plague – was a disease caused by the rinderpest virus which primarily infected cattle and buffalo. The rinderpest outbreak of the late 19 th century was one of the most devastating plagues in African history – it killed 90% of Southern and East Africa’s cattle and the subsequent starvation killed as many people as the Black Death. 0000302129 00000 n After several decades of success in eradicating rinderpest from Europe, the disease recurred unexpectedly in Belgium in 1920, and renewed efforts to eradicate it resulted in the creation of the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in 1924. 0000294962 00000 n 0000266030 00000 n Necrotic lesions occur in the mouth, lining of the nose, and genital tract. “This is the first time that an animal disease is being eradicated in the world and the second disease … cattle and game were reported to be dying from an obscure disease on both sides of the Zambesi River. 0000301724 00000 n Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA is a global healthcare leader working to help the world be well. Key laboratories must maintain a capacity to identify the disease. A disease so fearsome it was given the name “cattle plague”, rinderpest left behind trails of devastation in the wake of outbreaks. Rinderpest, also known as cattle plague, is a contagious viral disease that mainly affects cattle and buffalo. Death rates were extremely high, especially among wildebeest calves.